THE PARASITES OF POPILUA JAPONICA 43 
1. Inner side of hind basitarsus without a longitudinal groove; propodeal 
enclosure distinctly narrowing posteriorly, about twice as long as 
greatest width, the median carina incomplete; about 12 mm. long; 
(anterior and dorsal margin of pronotum separated by a carina; side 
of pronotum without a groove; second intercubitus curved; punctures 
on tergites 3. 4. and 5 small, close, and evenly distributed; -.koreana Rohwer 
Inner side of hind basitarsus with a longitudinal groove; propodeal 
enclosure nearly parallel-sided, the median carina strong, complete; 
about 10 mm. long 2 
2. Anterior and dorsal margin of the pronotum separated by a carina; 
(legs black; basal part of pygidium striato-punctate, the apical part 
very minutely sculptured); Japan popilliavora Rohwer 
Anterior and dorsal margin of the pronotum not separated by a carina; 
(second intercubitus distinctly curved; produced median portion of 
clypeus slightly emarginate apically); Japan and Chosen vernalis Rohwer 
CRASPEDONOTUS TIBIALIS Schaum 5 
COLLECTION AXD SHIPMENT 
The carabid Craspedonotus tibialis (fig. 29) occurs abundantly in 
the sandy areas near Miho, a small seacoast village about 50 miles 
south of Yokohama. It is predacious in both the larval and adult 
stages, feeding upon a number of insect species, including the 
Scarabaeidae. Because of this habit it was thought worth while to 
introduce the species for experimental and study purposes at the 
Japanese Beetle Laboratory at Riverton, X. J. Consequently, in 
June and September, 1920, some 1,100 adults were forwarded, and 
these were followed by shipments of 15,350 beetles in June, 1921. 
The beetles were collected by the women and children of the 
district (fig. 30, A), who became very proficient in locating them. 
Individual beetles were packed in small wooden safety-match boxes 
containing damp sphagnum moss. The match boxes were further 
packed in strong wooden containers which were roped together in 
sets of six (fig. 30, B). 
Shipments were made in cool vegetable storage from Yokohama, 
but on arrival in the United States they crossed the continent at 
ordinary temperatures. These shipments reached the laboratory at 
Riverton with a mortality of approximately 50 per cent. Since a 
considerable mortality had been anticipated allowance was made for 
this by shipping unusually large numbers. 
LIFE HISTORY AXD HABITS 
There is one generation annually, and hibernation takes place 
apparently in the last larval stage. "Adults appear in abundance at 
Miho in June. In the collections made from June 1 to 6 many of the 
beetles were not completely hardened, indicating that they had very 
recently changed from the "pupal stage. 
The adults live in deep tubular burrows 10 to 18 inches in depth and 
enter the soil at an angle of about 45°. The time spent in these bur- 
rows by the female beetle must be considerable, extending through 
the mating and egg-laying periods. Often at the lower end of the 
burrow the remains of scarabaeid beetles were found. 
The eggs are laid in small cells or chambers one-half inch deep, 
which angle off in a downward direction from the sides of the main 
s The first observations upon the habits of Craspedonotus tibialis were made bv Frederick Muir, of the 
Hawauan Sugar Planters' Experiment Station, and it was through the entomologists of that station that 
information was obtained regarding the localities in which it could be found in abundance. 
