30 BULLETIN 53, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
The maximum grade was 0.5 per cent. The material composing the embank- 
ment was loosened with plows, hauled with drag scrapers, and spread with a 
road grader. After the fill was brought to approximately 1 foot below grade 
with the local soil it was completed with a natural mixture of sand and loam 
which possesses fair binding and wearing qualities. The loam was hauled in 
ordinary farm wagons with slat bottoms for an average distance of three- 
eighths mile and spread with a road grader. The total length of the road con- 
structed was 5,280 feet, and the width of the grade was 24 feet and of the 
loam surface 14 feet, making a total graded area of 14,080 square yards and a 
surfaced area of 8,213 square yards. The loam was spread to a depth of 16 
inches loose and compacted to 12 inches. The crown of the finished roadway 
was approximately 1| inches to 1 foot. The material removed in grading 
amounted to 4,694 cubic yards, and 2,400 cubic yards of sandy loam was used 
in surfacing. In making the improvement it was necessary to raise two old 
wooden bridges to conform to the new grade. Labor cost $1.75 and teams S5 
per 10-hour day. 
The total cost of the road to the community was $1,733.24, which is at the 
rate of $0,211 per square yard of surfaced area. The principal items of cost 
were as follows: Excavation, 4,694 cubic yards, at $0,171 per cubic yard, 
$819.62 ; shaping the subgrade, 14,080 square yards, at $0.0026 per square yard, 
$36.75; clearing the right of way, $7; raising the old bridges, $17.50; loading 
sandy loam, 2,400 cubic yards, at $0,107 per cubic yard, $256.37; hauling the 
sandy loam, at $0,235 per cubic yard, $564.50 ; and spreading the sandy loam, at 
$0,013 per cubic yard, $31.50. 
Paxacios. Tex. — TTork was begun on the Turtle Bay Road leading northwest 
from Palacios on January 27. 1913, and discontinued on March 11. 1913, with 
the loss of 10 days on account of rain. It was originally intended that this road 
should be surfaced with mud-shell obtained from Matagorda Bay at the mouth 
of the Colorado River. After the road was graded and drained, however, for a 
total length of 14,900 feet, it was decided to postpone the surfacing until the 
spring of 1914. The land traversed by this road is approximately level, and 
the soil consists of sandy loam from station to station 320, and gumbo 
throughout the remaining distance. Wooden culverts were constructed at sta- 
tions 43+35, 51-f30, and 59; and concrete culverts at stations 11+20, 18, 
59+50, and 97. The road was graded 50 feet wide for approximately 4,600 
feet and 45 feet for the remaining distance, making a total graded area of 
approximately 75.800 square yards. The total cost to the community of this 
road was $2,554, which is at the rate of $0,034 per square yard. Labor cost 
$1.75. and teams $4 for a 10-hour day. 
It is anticipated that this work will be completed under the supervision of the 
Office of Public Roads, and that a detailed statement of costs will appear in a 
later report. 
Bayfield, Wis. — A section of earth road was constructed in Bayfield County 
in the Redcliff Indian Reservation. This road leads north from Redcliff toward 
Sand River and is known as the Redcliff Road. The road improved is only a 
rl section of what it was planned to improve. Plans were furnished for 3$ 
miles of road, and this work has been pushed to completion during the past 
season by the local authorities. The work of grading was begun on June 10, 
1913, and completed on June 13, 1913. The adjacent land is rolling and the 
soil is sandy loam from station 49 to station 51 and clay from station 51 to 
station 52+20. The section improved extends from station 49 to station 62+20 
of the survey and is new location. The maximum cut was 3 feet and the 
maximum fill 34 feet. The maximum grade was 5 per cent and the minimum 
grade 2 per cent. Labor cost $2 and teams s.~ per 10-hour day. 
