28 BULLETIN 53, U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. 
roller, and the second to be surfaced with muck and sand spread in alternate 
layers and mixed by puddling with the tamping roller. 
At the time the work was done labor and teams were difficult to obtain and 
no roller of any description was to be had. The specifications were drawn up, 
however, for a light tamping roller, and it was agreed by the interested parties 
to postpone the work until the roller could be made and labor and teams should 
become available. The work was accordingly discontinued on February 21, 
1913. but it is hoped that it will be resumed and prosecuted at some future 
time when the conditions are more favorable. 
The cost of the work done, which consisted in spreading the material from 
the ditch banks and shaping the road, was $267.20, which is at the rate of 
$0,019 per square yard. Labor cost $2 per day and no teams were employed. 
Obd, Nebb. — Work was started on an earth road running from Ord eastward 
toward Spelts on August 3, 1912, and finished on August 17, 1912. The land 
adjacent to the road is level, while the soil is loam with a quicksand subsoil 
from station to station 30, and loam with a clay subsoil from station 30 to 
station 50 — the end of the road. Earth to the amount of 2,462 cubic yards 
was moved, of which 180 cubic yards was loosened with a plow and hauled 
an average distance of 250 feet with Fresno and drag scrapers; 1,550 cubic 
yards was loosened and loaded with an elevating grader and hauled an average 
distance of 2,370 feet in slat-bottom wagons ; and 732 cubic yards was placed 
with the elevating grader. The maximum cut was 0.6 foot and the maximum 
fill 1.6 feet. The maximum grade was reduced from 2 per cent to 1.6 per cent. 
The road was graded 5.000 feet to a width of 24 feet, and the total area 
was 13,333 square yards. The crown of the roadway was three-fourths inch 
to 1 foot. Reinforced concrete culverts, 3 by 2 feet and 26 feet long, each con- 
taining 11.6 cubic yards of concrete and 600 pounds of steel, were constructed 
at stations 7+95 and 26+37, and a 12-inch vitrified clay-pipe culvert at sta- 
tion 33+80 was lengthened 6 feet and supplied with concrete end walls. 
The equipment consisted of a 10-ton oil-burning tractor, an elevating grader, 
a road machine, drag and Fresno scrapers, slat-bottom wagons, and hand 
tools. The tractor, which was used for drawing the grader, consumed 270 
gallons of petroleum. Labor cost $2; teams, $4; and foremen, $4.50 per 10- 
hour day. Fuel oil cost $0,095 per gallon; cement, $1.84 per barrel; sand and 
gravel, $0.50 per cubic yard ; and steel, $0,026 per pound. 
The total cost of the road was $743.88, which is at the rate of $0,056 per 
square yard. The principal items of cost were: Grading, $4S7.42; shaping the 
roadway, $38.30; vitrified clay pipe (6 feet 12 inches), $1.35; end walls, $11.88; 
concrete culverts, $203.93; and grading the road intersection, $1. The costs of 
all materials are included above under the proper items. 
Calypso, N. C. — On September 16 and 17, 1912, a representative of the Office 
of Public Roads who had supervised the construction of an object-lesson sand- 
clay road at Calypso, assisted the local road officials in getting work under way 
on an earth road. During these two days a section of road S00 feet long was 
partially cleared and graded, though no part of this was entirely finished. 
Twenty-one dollars and twenty cents was spent for this work, of which $6 
was spent for clearing and grubbing and $15.20 for grading. Instructions were 
given by the office representative for continuing the work. 
Madison, S. Dak. — An earth road leading southward from Madison toward 
Clarena, known as the Meridian Road, was begun on July 30, 1912, and a section 
6,092 feet long was completed by August 6, 1912. The land adjacent to the 
road is rolling, and the soil is prairie loam with a clay subsoil. The maximum 
fill was 1.7 feet, and there was no cut. The maximum grade remained approxi- 
