22 BULLETIN 53, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Labor cost $1.40 per 10-hour day and teams $1. The principal items of cost 
were as follows: Excavation, at SO. 107 per cubic yard. $715.70; shaping sub- 
grade, at $0.0007 per square yard. $10. S9 ; clearing and grubbing. $44.99 ; haul- 
ing the surfacing material, at $0,065 per cubic yard. $13S.S4 ; mixing, at $0.0011 
per square yard, $10.92; labor for pipe culverts.. $33.65: contract price of end 
walls for pipe culverts. $66 ; contract price of box culvert. $154.50 ; and cost of 
hauling materials for the concrete, not included in contract price. $43.25. The 
total cost of the road was $1,215.74. which is at the rate of $0,127 per square 
yard. 
Jewett. Tex. — Work was started on August 22. 1912. on a sand-clay road 
running from Jewett westward toward Newby and completed on September 7, 
1912. The land adjacent to the road is rolling, and the soil is sandy throughout 
the section surfaced. In grading, the earth was loosened by plowing and 
hauled in drag scrapers for an average distance of 50 feet. A section 10.500 
feet long was graded for a width of 40 feet and surfaced for a width of 14 
feet, making the area graded 46.666 square yards and the area surfaced 16.333 
square yards. Earth to the amount of 4.350 cubic yards was moved in the 
excavation, and 4.100 cubic yards of clay was used for surfacing. The clay 
was hauled for an average distance of 1.350 feet and spread to a depth of 
9 inches, measured loose, but on account of the continued dry weather it could 
not be successfully mixed with the sand. Specifications were furnished by the 
representative of the Office of Public Roads, however, for properly mixing the 
materials when the weather became favorable, and this part of the work was let 
to contract. Five wooden culverts, 24 feet in length, were constructed, with the 
following cross sectional dimensions : Two 4 feet by 2 feet, one 10 feet by 2* feet, 
and two 16 feet by 3 feet. Three thousand seven hundred and fifty feet b. m. 
of pine timber and 24 oak posts were used for these culverts. 
The equipment consisted of one 2-horse blade ditcher, plows, slat-bottom 
wagons, and hand tools. Labor cost $1.75 per 10-hour day and teams $4. The 
total cost of the work was $3,017.08, which is at the rate of $0.1S4 per square 
yard. The principal items of cost were : Clearing and grubbing. $28.75 : exca- 
vation and embankment. $608.75; loosening and loading clay. $637.75; hauling 
clay, $1,183.75 ; spreading clay. 874.75 : trenching for clay at the side of the road, 
$30 ; shaping with the grader. $27.50 ; contract price for mixing. $150 ; materials 
for culverts. $121.44 ; labor for culverts, $51.76 ; superintendence, $75 ; and gen- 
eral expenses. S27.63. 
Peabsall, Tex. — A section of road in Frio County leading northeast from 
Pearsall toward Bigfoot, known as the Sand Hollow Road, was improved by 
surfacing with sand clay. The work was begun on February 20. 1913. and 
continued until March 31. 1913. Eight days were lost on account of rain and 
7£ days for other reasons. The adjacent land is rolling and the soil is a fine 
sandy loam. The maximum and minimum grades remained respectively 2 per 
cent and level. The existing grade of this road was such that the only grading 
necessary was done with the road machine. The only exceptions to this were 
at stations 23 and 27. where the material obtained in uncovering the clay pit 
was hauled to fill several holes in the road. Labor cost from $1.10 to $1.25 and 
tennis $3 per 10-hour day. 
Tbe road was constructed by first carefully shaping it with a road machine 
and then spreading a wearing course of clay over the surface. The road was 
then reshaped by means of the road machine. The clay used for surfacing 
contained a considerable amount of sand, and possessed excellent binding and 
wearing qualities. It was spread by hand with shovels and hoes, and was 
obtained from pits and hauled in 1-cubic-yard slat-bottom wagons. At station 
