OBJECT-LESSON AND EXPERIMENTAL ROADS, 1912-13. 21 
on account of unfavorable weather. A total length of 5,000 feet was graded 
to a width of 16 feet in cuts and 18 feet in fills and surfaced to a width of 16 
feet throughout, making a total area of 8,890 square yards for the surfaced 
roadway. 
The adjacent land is approximately level and the soil consists of fine loose 
sand. Eight hundred and ninety cubic yards of earth was moved in excava- 
tion, with a maximum cut of 2 feet and a maximum fill of 2.5 feet. The 
excavated material was loosened with plows, hauled for an average distance 
of 200 feet in wheel scrapers and dump wagons, and spread with a road 
machine. The maximum and minimum grades remained respectively 0.2 per 
cent and level. 
In order to increase the stability of the sand foundation, a layer of sea 
moss, 2 inches thick before compacting, was spread before applying the sur- 
facing material, and 117 wagon loads of moss were used. The surfacing ma- 
terial, which consisted of a natural sand-clay mixture, was then spread to a 
depth of 1\ inches loose or 5 inches compacted, and a crown of 1 inch to 1 
foot was given the roadway. The material for the surfacing amounted to 
1,823 cubic yards. It was hauled 1,000 feet in slat-bottom wagons and spread 
with a road machine. This material was delivered by contract at $0.50 per 
cubic yard. 
Labor* cost $1.50 and teams cost $3.50 and $4 per 9-hour day. The total 
cost of the road to the community was $1,397.13, which is at the rate of 
$0,157 per square yard. The principal items of cost were as follows: Excava- 
tion, at $0,348 per cubic yard, $309.58; surfacing material, delivered, at $0.50 
per cubic yard,' $911.50 ; spreading the surfacing material, at $0,011 per square 
yard, $20; loading and spreading the moss, $82.05; shaping the finished road- 
way, $8 ; and superintendence and general expenses, $86. 
Corpus Chbisti, Tex. — During the fall of 1912 a sand-clay road was con- 
structed at Corpus Christi, extending in a northwesterly direction toward 
Calallen. Work was begun on October 8, 1912, and completed on November 29, 
1912, and during this time five days were lost on account of bad weather. The 
land adjacent to the road is rolling and the nature of the soil is sand-clay 
throughout, with clay predominating from station to station 20, while from 
station 20 to station 54 sand predominates. In all, 5,400 feet was graded 45 
feet wide, making 27,000 square yards. The maximum cut was 1 foot and the 
maximum fill 3.5 feet, and the grade was reduced from 6.5 per cent to 5 per 
cent. The volume of excavation was 6,700 cubic yards, and the average haul 
was 200 feet and the maximum haul 700 feet. Throughout its entire length 
the road was surfaced with a natural sand-clay mixture of good binding and 
wearing qualities for a width of 16 feet and a compacted depth of 6 inches, 
making 9,600 square yards of surface covered, or 2.140 cubic yards of material 
used. The material was spread with a road grader. 
The crown adopted was one-half inch to 1 foot. The road was so located 
that the principal problem presented was that of securing proper drainage. To 
this end the grade was raised and six existing culverts were replaced by three 
new ones of greater capacity, constructed as follows: At station 11+20 a 
24-inch vitrified clay pipe 391 feet long; at station 24+20 two 36-inch corru- 
gated metal pipes 24 feet long, replacing two 24-inch vitrified clay pipes; at 
station 43+00 a reinforced concrete box culvert, 6 feet in span, 4£ feet in 
height of opening, and 22 feet in length; and at station 51+50 an old 24-inch 
vitrified clay pipe culvert was allowed to remain in place. All of the pipe used 
was found on the ground, and the concrete culvert was built by contract. 
The equipment consisted of 1 road grader, 4 wheel scrapers, 5 drag scrapers, 
1 plow, three l^-cubic-yard wagons, 1 disk harrow, and 1 tooth harrow. 
