OBJECT-LESSON AND EXPERIMENTAL ROADS, 1912-13. 15 
$43.75; gravel, $54; freight on gravel, $86; unloading gravel cars at siding, 
at $0,043 per cubic yard, $11.29; loading gravel wagons, at $0,154 per cubic 
yard, $40; hauling gravel, at $0,125 per cubic yard, $32.44; placing and spread- 
ing gravel, at $0,038 per cubic yard, $10; trimming ditches and shoulders, 
$62.S6; culverts, $135.59; and general expenses, $34.65. 
The total cost of the road was $1,74645, which is at the rate of $0.6S6 per 
square yard for the gravel section and $0,406 per square yard for the rock 
section. 
BRICK-CINDER ROAD. 
Columbus, Miss. — The work at Columbus, Miss., which consisted in grading 
and surfacing a section of what is kuown as the Military Road, extending 
from Columbus toward the Alabama State line, was begun on September 18, 
1912, and completed on October 9, 1912. The adjacent land is hilly, and the 
natural soil is sand and clay. For 2,128 feet the road was graded 30 feet wide 
in cuts and 20 feet in fills, giving an area of 2,615 square yards. A total vol- 
ume of 1,696 cubic yards of earth was moved, resulting in lowering the maxi- 
mum grade from 1.5 to 0.4 per cent. The earth was loosened with a plow, 
picks, and shovels, hauled in wagons and slip scrapers, and spread with shovels. 
The average haul was 250 feet and the maximum 900. The surfacing materials 
consisted of brickbats and brick-kiln cinders, donated by a local brick manu- 
facturer. Both materials w.ere loaded on dump-board wagons at the brickyard, 
hauled an average distance of one-half mile, and spread upon the prepared sub- 
grade with shovels and potato hooks. The brickbats, which were used in the 
foundation course, were broken with hammers at the road, and were spread to 
a width of 14 feet and a depth of 4 inches after compacting, while the surface 
course was composed of the cinders spread to a width of 16 feet and a depth of 
4 inches after compacting. The road was compacted principally by the action 
of traffic, but a short section was rolled with a road roller loaned by the au- 
thorities of the city of Columbus. The road was surfaced for 1,243 feet, and 
the area of the foundation course was 1,933 square yards, requiring 322 cubic 
yards of brickbats. The area of the surface course was 2,210 square yards, 
upon which 343 cubic yards of cinders were used. The road is one of the most 
heavily traveled roads in the county, but judging from results obtained upon a 
similar road in the same locality, it is expected that the surface will wear well 
if it is given proper attention. 
The equipment consisted of a road plow, slip scrapers, and a small road 
grader. With labor at $1 per day and teams at $3, the principal items of cost 
were as follows : Excavation, at $0.14 per cubic yard, $236.15 ; clearing and 
grubbing, $20.75; trimming the shoulders and ditches, $9.40; labor on the pipe 
culvert, $2.75 ; loading brickbats, at $0,202 per cubic yard, $65.35 ; hauling brick- 
bats, at $0,413 per cubic yard, $133.25 ; spreading brickbats, at $0,063 per cubic 
yard, $20.45; loading cinders, at $0,187 per cubic yard, $63.70; hauling cinders, 
at $0,323 per cubte yard, $110.65; spreading cinders, at $0,035 per cubic yard, 
$12.10; and general expenses, $7.20. The total cost of the road was $681.75, 
which is at the rate of $0.26 per square yard for the completed section. 
SAND-CLAY ROADS. 
Beooksville, Fla. — Work was started on the Bayport Road, which leads west 
from Brooksville toward Bayport, on March 10, 1913, and was completed on 
April 16, 1913. The land adjacent to the road is rolling and the soil is clay 
from station to station 19, and a natural mixture of sand and clay from 
station 19 to station 24. The maximum cut was 2 feet and the maximum fill 
