14 BULLETIN 53, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 
The total cost of the road to the community was $8,221.55, which is at the 
rate of $0,204 per square yard or $2,157.25 per mile. The principal items of 
cost were G,0T2 cuhic yards of excavation, at $0,158 per cubic yard, $962.48; 
shaping the subgrade, at $0,001 per square yard, $43.2S ; 100 feet of concrete 
pipe, at $0,853 per foot, $S5.31 ; labor for concrete pipe, $31.73 ; 8-foot by 6-foot 
culvert, $397 ; 42-inch pipe culvert, $350 ; surfacing material in the pit, $348.75 ; 
loosening and loading, 5,877 cubic yards of surfacing material, at $0,137 per 
cubic yard, $803.47; hauling surfacing material from the pit to the road, at 
$0.4G5 per cubic yard, $2,733.71; spreading the surfacing material, at $0,047 
per cubic yard, $273.63; finishing and rolling, $81.22; trimming the shoulders 
and ditches, $22.27 ; 12 tons of coal, at $6 per ton, $72 ; and incidental expenses, 
$16.70. 
GRAVEL-MACADAM ROAD. 
Bejstoak, Miss. — Work on a road extending from Bentoak southward 
toward the Gilmer Road was begun on October 14, 1912, and discontinued be- 
cause of unfavorable weather conditions, on December IS, 1912. During this 
time 3 days were lost on account of bad weather. The adjacent land is roll- 
ing and the soil is a very stiff post-oak gumbo. For a distance of 2,185 feet 
the road was graded 24 feet wide in cuts and 20 feet wide in fills, making an 
area of 5,350 square yards graded, for which 900 cubic yards of material was 
moved. The maximum grade was reduced from 7.5 to 3.6 per cent. The earth 
was loosened with plows and picks, loaded by hand and with shovels, hauled 
with slip and wheel scrapers and dump-board wagons, and spread with shovels 
and slip scrapers. The average haul was 630 feet and the maximum haul 1,150 
feet. Two kinds of material were used for surfacing — a soft limestone and a 
clay cementing gravel. The limestone was found in ledges at a maximum 
depth of 3 feet below the surface and an average distance of one-half mile from 
the road. It was broken by hand into suitable sizes on the road. The gravel, 
on the other hand, was purchased and delivered in cars at a convenient sid- 
ing, with a haul of about 750 feet. The road for 1,955 feet was surfaced 12 
feet wide with two methods, and the entire area surfaced was 2,607 square 
yards. According to the first method, which was followed in surfacing 1,720 
square yards, a foundation course of rock was spread with shovels and rakes 6 
inches deep after compacting, and upon it a surface course of gravel was spread 
with a road grader to a depth of 4 inches after compacting, while the second 
method, which was used in surfacing the remaining 887 square yards, con- 
sisted in spreading a single course of rock to a depth of 6 inches after com- 
pacting. The crown adopted for both types of road was 1 inch to 1 foot. 
The total volume of rock was 450 cubic yards and of gravel 260 cubic yards. 
Cross drains were constructed as follows: At station 0+75 a 16-inch cast-iron 
culvert 21 feet long and at station 19+17 a reinforced concrete culvert of 3 
feet span, 30-inch height of opening, and 20 feet length. 
The equipment consisted of road and turn plows, 6 slip scrapers, 2 wheel 
scrapers, 1 road grader, and 1 split-log drag. The estimated cost of the con- 
vict labor, which was used exclusively, was $1 per day, and, while all teams 
used on the work were loaned to the local authorities free of charge, a money 
value of $3 per day per team was assumed for these contributions. This cor- 
responded with local prices for teams. 
The principal items of cost, based on the above prices, were as follows: 
Clearing and grubbing, $46.55; excavation and embankment, at $0.55 per cubic 
yard, $494.36; shaping the subgrade. at $0,028 per square yard. $72.69: quarry- 
ing rock, at $0.91 per cubic yard, $410.83: hauling rock, at $0.47 per cubic yard, 
$211.14; placing, spreading, and "napping" rock, at $0,097 per cubic yard, 
