10 BULLETIN 53, U. S. DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE. 
feet, making a total surfaced area of 7,609 square yards. It was necessary to 
grade the road for a distance of 500 feet to a width of 30 feet in cuts and 22 
feet in fills, making a total graded area of 1.489 square yards. The surfacing 
material was spread in three courses, which, when measured loose, were, re- 
spectively, 6 inches, 3 inches, and 1 inch deep. The total compacted depth was 
6 inches. The material used in the first course ranged in size from 3 inches 
to If inches; that used in the second course, from If inches to three-fourths 
inch; and that used in the third course, from three-fourths inch down to and 
including the dust of fracture. The crown of the finished surface was three- 
fourths inch to 1 foot. 
One thousand cubic yards of earth were excavated, 2,261 cubic yards of sur- 
facing material were crushed, and 2,114 cubic yards used, while 24 tons of coal 
were used by the crusher and 19 tons by the roller. In constructing the under- 
drains 1,575 feet of 3-inch vitrified pipe and common land tile and 55 cubic yards 
of crushed stone were used. 
The cost of labor, teams, etc., amounted to approximately the same as in the 
preceding section. The total cost of the road to the community was $5,071.99, 
making the cost per square yard $0,666. 
The principal items of cost were as follows : Excavation to the extent of 1,000 
cubic yards, at $0,141 per cubic yard, $141.15 ; shaping the subgrade, 8,676 square 
yards, at $0,078 per square yard, $673.35; 55 cubic yards of limestone for 
nnderdrains, at $2.40 per cubic yard, $132 ; 1,575 linear feet of tile, at $0,034 per 
foot, $52.86; labor on the underdrains, $185.83; trimming the shoulders and 
ditches, $20.95 ; general expenses, $292.34 ; quarrying 2,261 cubic yards of lime- 
stone, at $0,551 per cubic yard, $1,247.32; hauling this stone to the crusher, at 
$0.0S6 per cubic yard, $195.12; crushing it at $0,121 per cubic yard, $273.08; 
hauling 2,114 cubic yards of stone from the crusher to the road, at $0,563 per 
cubic yard, $1,190.80; spreading it, at $0.09 per cubic yard, $190.40; sprinkling 
7,609 square yards, at $0,004 per square yard, $31.40 ; rolling 7,609 square yards, 
at $0,049 per square yard, $371.50 ; and explosives used in the quarry, $73.89. 
It is interesting to note that the cost of hauling the stone from the crusher to 
the road, a distance of 3* miles, by means of wagons was approximately $1 
per cubic yard, while the cost of hauling by means of the tractor outfit was only 
about $0.21 per cubic yard. The tractor outfit, however, can not be used except 
during dry weather. 
GRAVEL ROADS. 
Jonesboro, Ark. — A gravel road leading from Jonesboro eastward toward the 
State agricultural school was begun on September 23, 1912, and entirely com- 
pleted on October 25, 1912, with the loss of 5^ days on account of unfavorable 
weather and 3 days from other causes. The adjacent land is rolling and the 
soil throughout the length of the road is clay. A section 3,348 feet long was 
graded for a width of 30 feet in cuts and 24 feet in fills, giving a total area of 
9,822 square yards. The gravel surface is 3,050 feet long and 15 feet wide, 
making a surfaced area of 5,083 square yards. Three timber bridges having a 
width of roadway of 16 feet were constructed, having respective dimensions as 
follows: No. 1, length 8 feet 6 inches, clear span 6 feet 6 inches, and height of 
opening 4 feet 8 inches ; No. 2, length 16 feet 8 inches, clear span 15 feet, and 
height of opening 2 feet 6 inches ; and No. 3, length 16 feet 4 inches, clear span 
14 feet 8 inches, and height of opening 4 feet 6 inches. 
The maximum grade was reduced from 3.7 per cent to 2.5 per cent, while the 
minimum grade remained 0.1 per cent. The maximum cut was 1.7 feet and the 
maximum fill 1.4 feet. Two thousand and seventy cubic yards of earth was 
excavated for an average haul of 350 feet and a maximum haul of 800 feet. 
