OBJECT-LESSON AND EXPERIMENTAL ROADS, 1912-13. 9 
the grading and culvert work had been finished before the macadamizing was 
started. Twenty-four days were lost owing to bad weather and 27£ days from 
other causes. The land adjacent to the road is hilly and the soil is yellow 
clay. The maximum grade is 6 per cent and the minimum 1.2 per cent. Lime- 
stone, which was used for the surfacing was put on in three courses, having 
respective depths, measured loose, of 6 inches, 3 inches, and f inch, and a total 
compacted depth of 6f inches. Surfacing material to the amount of 1,298 cubic 
yards was used, and of this 1,005 cubic yards was local stone, while 293 cubic 
yards was purchased and brought by rail. The local stone was quarried and 
transported 50 feet to the crusher by means of a tram car. After crushing, it 
was stored in bins having capacities of 50, 30, and 20 cubic yards, and loaded 
directly into slat-bottom wagons and dump cars of approximately 1.2 cubic 
yards capacity. The wagons were drawn by teams and the dump cars by a 
traction engine. The average haul from the crusher to the road was 4 miles. 
The stone that was shipped was hauled 70 miles by rail. Water was piped 
900 feet for the crusher and hauled 1 mile for the roller and sprinkler. A 
vitrified clay-pipe culvert at station 9+00 was broken during the surfacing, 
having been placed too near the surface. In replacing it 26 feet of 18-inch 
pipe and 2| cubic yards of concrete were used. At the crusher 45f tons of 
fuel were used and 14 tons by the roller. The explosives used at the quarry cost 
$11S.92. * 
The equipment consisted of a crusher and engine having a capacity of 150 
tons per 10-hour day, slat-bottom wagons, a sprinkler, a roller, hand tools, etc., 
and a traction engine was hired at $10 per 10-hour day. Labor and teams 
cost, respectively, $0.15 and $0.35 per hour, and fuel cost $1.75 per ton. 
The total cost of the work was $3,630.22, which is at the rate of $0.S37 per 
square yard. The principal items of cost were : Shaping the subgrade, $374.13 ; 
replacing the culvert at station 9, $55.53; surfacing material, $366.25; quarry- 
ing, $951.05 ; crushing, $254.06 ; hauling the stone to the road, $S92.35 ; spread- 
ing the stone. $240.60 ; sprinkling, $112.35 ; rolling, $350 ; and loading stone at 
the car, $33.90. 
This work was resumed on April IS, 1913, and the project was entirely com- 
pleted on July 12, 1913. During this period five days were lost on account of 
unfavorable weather and two clays from other causes. The last section sur- 
faced had not been graded throughout its length as the section above described 
had. On this part the maximum cut was 1| feet and the maximum fill 3 feet ; the 
maximum grade remained 4 per cent, as on the old road. The land adjacent to 
this section is hilly and the soil is shale clay underlain by a bed of blue marl. 
In grading, the earth was loosened with plows, hauled with drag scrapers, and 
spread by hand. Between stations 43 and 54+10 the foundation was of an 
inferior character. Subdrainage was therefore provided by digging a ditch 
along the gutter and filling part of it with sandstone and part with limestone, 
and laying tile drain in the remainder. Cross drains were constructed every 
25 feet between the above stations. Other necessary drainage structures had 
been constructed before the work began. The equipment was the same as that 
used on the first section described above. 
The average haul for the excavation was 200 feet and the maximum haul 
was 400 feet. The average haul from the crusher to the road was 3i miles. 
The surface of this section was constructed entirely of local limestone having 
good binding qualities and fair wearing qualities. Material was hauled in slat- 
bottom wagons of 1 cubic yard capacity and dump wagons of 2 cubic yards 
capacity, and by means of the tractor outfit. 
The road was surfaced for 3,900 feet to the following widths: Twenty-four 
feet wide for 1,110 feet, 16 feet wide for 2,090 feet, and 12 feet wide for 700 
40037°— Bull. 53—14 2 
