OBJECT-LESSON AND EXPERIMENTAL ROADS, 1912-13. 7 
faanled 300 feet for the roller. Four ions of fuel was used at the crusher and 
5i tons by the roller. 
The equipment consisted of a stone crusher having 73 cubic yards' capacity 
per 9-hour day, an engine, a 10-ton roller, slat-bottom wagons, and hand 
tools. Convict labor and teams owned by the county were used. The cost 
to the county per day per convict and per mule was £0.45, The total cost of 
the road was $647.15. making a rate of 80,232 per square yard. 
The principal items of cost were ; Preparing the subgrade. 822.95 : quarrying. 
$117.45: hauling to the crusher. 866.00: crushing. $50.40; hauling from the 
crusher to the road. $11 2.94: spreading the stone. 822.95: sprinkling. 8S.11 : 
rolling. 80S. 95 : stacking and loading screenings. 831.05: shaping shoulders. 
811.70 : loss of rime due to bad weather. $57.35 : and incidental expenses. 876.70. 
Northwilkesboeo, N. C. — Work was begun on a macadam road leading from 
Northwilkesboro toward Wilkesboro on October 2. 1912. and was discontinued 
on December 21. 1912. Thirteen and one-half days were lost on account of bad 
weather. A section of road 808 feet in length was entirely completed and an 
additional length of 494 feet was partially completed. The section completed 
follows the Yadkin Elver, and the entire road is subject to overflow at flood 
seasons. To remedy this condition the grade of the road was raised and the 
macadam was laid on a Telford base. 
The natural soil is clay and sil and the adjacent land is level. There was no 
cut. and the maximum fill was 3.9 feet and the average fill 2.1 feet The 
maximum grade of 5.S5 per cent was reduced to 2.5 per cent. 
A total length of 1.294 feet was graded 30 fee: wide. All the material for 
the embankment was taken from pits located at an average distance of three- 
eighths mile from the road and in no case more than one-half mile. It was 
loosened with a plow, loaded with shovels on slat-bottom wagons, and spread 
by hand. 
A subgrade 16 feet wide was prepared for a distance of 1.204 feet and a 
Telford base 12 inches thick was laid upon it for the same distance. A macadam 
surface was laid upon this base to the same width for a distance of BOO feet. 
The surface was laid in two courses, each 3 inches thick compacted, and each 
course was bonded with screenings. The stone used on the bottom course 
consiste of pieces from 1* to 3 Inches in size, and the stone used in the second 
course ranged from one-half inch to 1| inches. The screenings consisted ol 
material ranging from dust to particles one-half inch in size. 
The Telford base and the macadam surface were both made from mica 
gneiss obtained from the same quarry. This material possesses excellent bind- 
ing and wearing qualities. It was quarried at an average distance of 1| miles 
from the road, crushed at the quarry, loaded into flump wagons by means of a 
chute from the bins, and hauled to the road, where it was spread with forks. 
The following drainage structures were constructed: One reinforced concrete 
culvert 2 by 4 feet by 29 feet long : one reinforced concrete culvert 2 by 6 feet 
by 30 feet Icng; one reinforced concrete culvert 2 by 6 feet by 2S.5 feet long; and 
one wooden-box culvert 2 by 3 feet at an intersecting road. 
The equipment consisted of one stone crusher with a capacity of 25 cubic 
yards per day. elevator, bins, one 10-tcn roller, six 1| cubic yard dump wagons, 
slat-bottom wagons, one turn plow, and hand tools. 
The labor cost for men was 80. 12|, $0,131, and 80.15 per hour, and double 
teams cost 80.30 per hour. The working day was 10 hours long. 
The total cost of the road was 83.203.29. which is at the rate of 81.SS75 per 
square yard. The principal items of cost were as follows: Excavation and 
embankment. 979 cubic yards, at 80.40 per cubic yard. 8391.60: clearing and 
grubbing. 2.300.4 square yards, at 80.0017 per square yard. $4; shaping the sub- 
