OBJECT-LESSON AND EXPERIMENTAL ROADS, 1912-13. 5 
half inch to dust. The stone was obtained under contract from a local quarry, 
where a crusher having an average capacity of 50 cubic yards per 10-hour day 
was already located. The average haul of water for the crusher was three- 
fourths mile. Stone was brought to the crusher in wheelbarrows, crushed, 
stored in bins, loaded from the bins into farm wagons which were equipped with 
dump boards, and hauled to the road for an average distance of 3,500 feet„ 
where it was spread by hand with iron hooks. A 6-ton horse roller was tried 
for compacting the surface, but was found to be impracticable. The hoofs of 
the mules loosened the surface as rapidly as it was compacted. No sprinkler 
wagon was available, and, as the road was constructed during a comparatively 
dry season, it is probable that the surface could not have been properly bonded, 
even with a more suitable roller. It was, therefore, left in a loose condition. 
Before leaving the work, however, the representative of the office instructed the 
local authorities regarding the proper manner of bonding the road when the 
weather became suitable. 
Drainage structures were constructed as follows : At station 2+50 the 
existing concrete abutments of a culvert of 13-foot span were extended and the 
wooden floor was renewed; at station 10+85 concrete wing walls were added 
to an existing culvert of 4-foot span, and a new wooden floor was constructed ; 
at station 15+55 a new 10-foot span reinforced concrete culvert was con- 
structed'; and corrugated iron culverts, 12 inches in diameter and 18 feet long, 
were placed under approaches to private entrances at stations 4+00, 6+60, 
13+25, and 14+15. 
The concrete used in the abutments, wing walls, and footings was made of 
cement and unscreened gravel in the proportion 1 : 6. In reinforced work 
cement, sand and screened gravel were used in the proportion 1:2:4, and the 
concrete used in the parapets was made of cement, sand, and gravel in the 
proportion 1:2:3. 
The equipment consisted of one 6-ton horse roller, two steel road drags, one 
road grader, and hand tools. Labor cost $1.50 per day of 10 hours, and teams 
cost $2.50 and $3. 
The total cost of the road was $2,153.45, which is at the rate of $1.01 per 
square yard. The principal items of cost were as follows : Excavation, at 
$0,203 per cubic yard, $532.25; shaping the subgrade, at $0.0234 per square 
yard, $40.50; crushed stone, at $0,875 per cubic yard, $405.15; hauling stone 
from the crusher to the road, at $0,343 per cubic yard, $178.50; spreading 
stone, at $0,116 per cubic yard, $60; rolling, at $0.04 per square yard, $70; 
trimming the shoulders and ditches, $46.25; culverts, $1,218.45; and general 
expenses, $7.50. 
Louisville, Ky. — On April 4, 1913, excavation was started on an object-lesson 
macadam road at Louisville, Ky., and was continued until April 12. The 
weather conditions were so unfavorable during this period, however, that very 
little could be accomplished. About $175 was expended, but on account of the 
continual rain the results of the work done were practically negligible. On 
April 12 the work was discontinued, but it is hoped that it may be resumed 
at some more favorable season and the project eventually completed. 
Jerusalem, N. C. — Surfacing was started on a road leading from Jerusalem 
southeast toward South Yadkin River on October 15, 1912, and completed on 
December 2, 1912. The road had been graded before the arrival of the repre- 
sentative of the Office of Public Roads, and no data concerning the cost of grad- 
ing could be obtained. The land adjacent to the road is rolling, and the soil is 
sandy loam from station 0+00 to station 13+00 and red clay from station 13+00 
to station 20+00. The macadam surface is 2,210 feet long and 12 feet wide, 
making a total area of 2,950 square yards. The stone consisted of coarse-grained 
