“UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
BULLETIN No. 289 
Contribution from the Barean of Plant finest 
WM. A. ee Chief 
Washington, D. C. 
PROFESSIONAL PAPER 
September 21, 191 
RED-CLOVER SEED PRODUCTION: 
POLLINATION STUDIES 
By 
J. M. WESTGATE, Agronomist, and H. S. COE, Scientific Assistant, Office 
of Forage-Crop Investigaticas, in Collaboration with A. T. WIANCKO 
and F, E. ROBBINS, of the Indiana Agricultural Experiment 
Station, and H. D. HUGHES, L. H. PAMMEL, and 
J. N. MARTIN, of the Iowa Agricultural 
Experiment Station 
CONTENTS 
Introduction . . . 2. 
Previous Investigations on the Pollina- 
tion of Red Clover . . ...-.-. 
Outline of Pollinating Experiments 
Structure of the Red-Clover Flower . . 
Length of the Corolla Tube of Red-Clover 
MOMUPESI 2 a0 e\ ah). at, Oi iwia ck cues 
Development of the Flowers of Red 
MOVER ree Sell) alia! wel Layo) mao ce.» 
Fertilization of Red-Clover Flowers 
Potency of Pollen in Self-Pollination . 
Cross-Pollination and Self-Pollination of 
Rem: Clover’ <.e)\/s 5 cicelt ery eeemicncs 
Artificial Manipulation of Clover Heads . 
Bumblebees as Cress-Pollinators of Red 
Cloverie a tehic Kel ciel eiifatt einen ote 
Honeybees as Cross-Pollinators of Red 
Cloverss soi Gey) of o eit atonal cette 
Mechanical Cross-Pollinators of Red 
‘ WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
1915 
