NATIVE AMERICAN SPECIES OF PRUNUS. 65 
Prunus Pumima L. 
(Sand cherry.) 
Prunus pumila L., 1767, Mant. Pl., p. 75. 
Cerasus canadensis Mill., 1768, Gard. Dict., ed. 8. (Not Prunus canadensis L.) 
Cerasus glauca Moench., 1794, Meth. Pl., p. 672. 
Prunus susquehanae Willd., 1809, Enum. Hort. Berol., [t. 1], p. 519. 
Prunus depressa Pursh, 1814, Fl. Amer. Sept., v. 1, p. 332. 
Prunus incana Schweinitz, 1824, in Long Narr. Exped., v. 2, p. 387. 
Leaves narrowly oblanceolate (Pl. VII, fig. 3), 3 to 7 cm. long, 1 to 
2 cm. broad, cuneate toward the base, acute at the apex, usually 
serrate, with appressed teeth, at least above the middle, the serrations 
sometimes inconspicuous, glabrous on both surfaces and pale, or even 
with a glaucous appearance below; petioles 7 to 10 mm. long, eglan- 
dular or with one or two glands near the apex, or sometimes with 
glands on the base of the blade; stipules linear and glandular serrate. 
Flowers appearing with or before the leaves from the first of May to 
the middle of June, about 12 mm. broad, usually in clusters of 3; 
pedicels 9 to 10 mm. long, slender and glabrous; calyx glabrous, the 
tube campanulate, about 2.5 or 3 mm. long, the oblong, obtuse lobes 
as long as the tube or nearly so, minutely glandular on the margin; 
petals oblong-oval, narrowed to a short claw, about 6 mm. long. 
Fruit nearly black, without bloom, globose, and about 10 to 15 mm. in 
diameter, ripening in the latter part of July and in August, covering 
a period of four weeks or more, even in the same locality, usually not 
of good quality but occasionally palatable; stone ovoid (PI. XII, figs. 
31 to 34), usually rounded at the base, somewhat pointed or obtuse 
_ at the apex, varying from about 9 mm. long, 5.5 mm. broad, and 5 
mm. thick to 11 mm. long, 7.5 mm. broad, and 7 mm. thick, slightly 
erooved on either side of the ventral edge, but without a prominent 
ridge or wing, rounded and minutely grooved on the dorsal edge, 
usually with a few rather obscure, oblique grooves branching from the 
dorsal groove. 
Prunus pumila is a shrub 14 to 5 feet high, of willowlike habit, 
erect when young, the main stems later becoming more or less pros- 
trate, but the growing branches erect; bark dark gray and marked 
with lighter-colored lenticels, the young twigs reddish, becoming dark 
reddish brown and finally gray. 
Prunus pumila was originally described from Canada, and occurs 
(fig. 4) in gravelly or sandy or sometimes rocky localities along the 
shores of lakes or streams from eastern Quebec to Maryland, and 
westward to northern Indiana, eastern Minnesota, and the Lake of 
the Woods. It is especially abundant in the sand dunes along the 
shores of the Great Lakes, where it attains a much larger size than on 
the sandy plains of northern Michigan. 
74246°—Bull. 179—15—5 
