34 BULLETIN 179, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
axils of the lateral veins often rather densely hairy when very 
young, serrations rounded or almost crenate, glandular; petioles 
mostly 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, pubescent on the upper surface, usually 
with one or more glands toward the apex; stipules linear and glandu-. 
lar serrate. Flowers appearing from the first of April in southern 
Missouri to the middle of May in northern localities, in umbels of 
2 to 4 or rarely 5, about 12 to 15 mm. broad; pedicels glabrous, 
slender, 9 to 12 or sometimes even 14mm. long; calyx campanulate, 
the tube about 3 mm. long, obscurely ribbed, and glabrous, the 
lobes nearly or quite as long as the tube and oblong-ovate, glabrous 
or sometimes obscurely pubescent, glandular on the margin, mostly 
obtuse at the apex, pubescent within mainly toward the base, and 
usually reflexed in age; petals 6 to 8 mm. long, oval or oblong-orbicu- 
lar, usually rather abruptly narrowed to a claw. Fruit ripening 
late in July under cultivation in Texas, in September in Missouri, 
and often in October in northern localities, globose or rarely slightly 
ellipsoid in wild specimens, 18 to 25 mm. in diameter, or in the 
ellipsoid forms 30 mm. long, varying in color from red to yellow and 
usually marked with whitish dots, bloom thin or wanting, flesh firm; 
stone extremely variable (Pl. X, figs. 1 to 12), ranging from nearly 
globose,! 11 by 9 by 7 mm., to oval or oblong, 17 by 11 by 7.5 mm., 
pointed or narrowed and truncate at the base, pointed or sometimes 
rounded at the apex, the ventral edge usually rather sharp, variously 
grooved and sometimes ridged on either side, grooved along the 
dorsal edge, the surface reticulated or rarely obscurely so. 
The tree grows singly or in groves and attains a maximum height 
in the region of its greatest perfection of about 25 or 30 feet; bark of 
the trunk rather thin, exfoliating in platelike scales, dark brown, the 
inner layers reddish; young twigs at time of flowering rather dark 
reddish brown or chestnut colored, sometimes with grayish blotches. 
In the character of foliage, in the shape of fruit and stone, and in the 
time of ripening Prunus hortulana bears some resemblance to P. 
reverchonii, but it does not sucker as that species does in its natural 
state and apparently never forms a thicket. 
Prunus hortulana ranges (fig. 2) from central Kentucky and north- 
western Tennessee westward to northeastern Oklahoma and eastern 
Kansas and northward through Missouri and western Illinois, reach- 
ing its northernmost limit in Scott County, lowa. It is most abun- 
ahine and apparently reaches its greatest size in Missouri. 
Prunus hortulana was originally described from cultivated mate- 
rial, being based on the varieties ‘Golden Beauty, Cumberland, Gar- 
fold, Sucker State, Honey Drop, probably Wild Goose, and others.” 
1 The globose form of the stone is represented among cultivated varieties by Reed, and the ovalor oblong 
form by Golden Beauty, Wayland, and World Beater, with various intermediate shapes in other varieties 
as well as in wild material. 
