THE NAVAL STORES INDUSTRY. 
45 
Table 19.— Yields of California western yellow pine, by months (crop of 300 cups, chipped 
28 times). 
Date of dipping. 
1912. 
May 10-11 
May 23 
June 6-7 
June 21 
July 6... 
July 2© 
August 3 
Total 
Weight 
of dip. 
Pounds. 
175 
153 
146 
156 
171 
197 
260 
1,258 
Date of dipping. 
1911. 
August 16 
September 5 
September 15 
Septemer 27 
October 19 
November 1 
November 28 
Total 
Total for 1912 and 1911... 
Average per cup per week 
Weight 
of dip. 
Pounds. 
217 
189 
129 
172 
179 
152 
212 
1,250 
2,508 
0.3 
The average flow per cup per week in the California experiments 
for a season of 29 weeks was somewhat greater than in the Florida 
experiments recorded in Table 18 for the same period of time. The 
California yield is also slightly greater when the production for the 
entire season is compared. 
The composition of the volatile oil obtained by distilling the gum 
from the California trees differs from that of ordinary turpentine 
somewhat more than does the Arizona turpentine, but the oil prob- 
ably will be satisfactory for industrial purposes. The yield from 
western yellow pine in northeastern Oregon was very small compared 
with that in California. This can be attributed in part to the unusu- 
ally adverse climatic conditions during the season, but it is not likely 
that more favorable weather conditions would increase the yield 
enough to make turpentining in that region a profitable industry. 
Jeffrey pine in California yielded only 61.5 per cent as much as 
western yellow pine farther south during the same period. The prin- 
cipal constituent of the oleoresin from Jeffrey pine is heptane, which 
can not be used as turpentine, but has been employed to some extent 
for medical purposes. Digger, pinon, lodgepole pine, and sugar pine 
in California were found to yield such small amounts of oleoresin 
that it would be impracticable to tap them on a commercial scale 
unless the particular oil they produce could be made to bring a high 
price for some special purpose. 
Pinon pine (Pinus edulis) in Colorado had a rate of flow slightly 
over one-half that of the Florida pines for a 20-weeks ? period, from 
June 9 to October 31. The volatile oil from the pinon gum differs 
somewhat from ordinary turpentine, but is probably suited for indus- 
trial use. 
PROBLEMS OF COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT. 
In considering the possibilities of commercial turpentine opera- 
tions on western pines the problem of labor is one of the first that 
presents itself. In Arizona the Mexicans, who constitute a large part 
of the laboring class, are totally unfamiliar with turpentine work. 
Negro turpentine hands could be brought in from the Southeast, but 
