8 BULLETIN 229, IT. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Table 7. — Exports of spirits of turpentine and turpentine and rosin by decimal years, 
1860-1 900— Continued . 
State. 
1870 
Spirits of 
turpentine. 
Turpen- 
tine and 
rosin. 
Spiritsof : Turpen- 
turpentine. 
tine and 
Gallom. 
462 
1,965 
90 
'7,*558 
Alabama 
California 
Connecticut 
Florida 
Georgia 
Louisiana 
Maine 
Maryland 
Massachusetts 
Michigan 
Minnesota 
New York j 796, 824 
North Carolina ! 2,042, 756 
Ohio 
Barrels. 
885 
Gallons. 
1,280 
640 
6,104 
52,511 
Pennsylvania . . 
Rhode Island . . 
South Carolina. 
Texas 
544 
518 
519 
8,423 
41 
30,626 
11,435 
32 
1 
464,538 
33,212 
1 
3,063 
137 
11,197 
Barrels. 
500 
2 
10 
123,163 
134 
18,909 
160 
20,268 
16,605 
2,816,768 ! 
736,948 
562,253 
77,851 
337,530 
273 
25,279 
318 
25,511 
200 
315,099 
19,845 
534 
50,753 
Vermont 
80' 
2 
4,347 | 
3,' 666" 
80 
2,748 
Total .' 
3,246,697 
583,316 
j 
4,072,023 
770,652 
Note. — The exports of turpentine and rosin from a State bear no relation to the amounts actually pro- 
duced within the State, but to the possession of shipping centers for the naval stores trade. 
COMMERCIAL UTILIZATION OF PRODUCTS. 
TURPENTINE. 
Paints and varnishes. — The greater portion of the turpentine pro- 
duced finds its way into paints and varnishes. The three main classes 
of varnishes are spirit varnishes, linseed-oil varnishes, and turpentine 
varnishes. The turpentine varnishes are made by dissolving resins, 
such as amber, copal, etc., in hot turpentine and are tough and flex- 
ible. Linseed-oil varnishes are often diluted with turpentine. 
Turpentine is used in paints and varnishes chiefly as a thinner, of 
which the properties demanded are solvent action, oxidizing power, 
penetration, and proper evaporation. 
Print goods. — Turpentine finds an important use in the manufac- 
ture of cotton and woolen print goods in preventing ''bleeding," or 
running together of colors, where several colors are printed at the 
same time. It also prevents the color from penetrating the fabric, 
which is particularly important in the case of woolen goods if uneven- 
ness of the material is to be avoided. 
Camphor. — Many attempts have been made to produce camphor 
from turpentine on a commercial scale, but so far none has been 
entirely successful. However, terpineol, terpin hydrate, and similar 
bodies are manufactured from turpentine in considerable quantities. 
Rubber industry. — Turpentine is important as a solvent for rubber, 
caoutchouc, and similar substances. 
