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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRBJIg^RE 
BULLETIN No. 229 
Contribution from the Forest Service 
HENRY S. GRAVES, Forester 
Washington, D. C. 
July 28, 1915. 
THE NAVAL STORES INDUSTRY 
By 
A. W. SCHORGER, Chemist, and H. S. BETTS, 
Engineer, Forest Products Laboratory 
CONTENTS 
Page 
1 
10 
Need for Improved Methods 
History of the Industry in the United States 
Statistics of Production 
Commercial Utilization of Products . . . 
Formation and Flow of Resin in the Living 
Tree 
Principles Underlying the Distillation of 
Crude Gum 12 
Commercial Methods of Collecting Crude 
Gum 14 
Relative Yields Secured from Cups and 
Boxes '22 
Relative Amounts of Scrape Formed by 
the Box and Cup Systems 23 
Relative Yields from Different Depths and , 
Heights of Chipping 24 
Effect of Turpentine Operations on Timber 25 
Quality of Gum from Boxed and Cupped 
Timber *27 
Commercial Distillation of Crude Gum . 27 
French Methods of Collecting Gum . . 32 
French Distillation Methods ..... 35 
Comparison Between Direct and Steam- 
Heated Stills 39 
The Supply of Longleaf Pine for Turpen- 
tine Operations 40 
Possibilities of Western Pines as a Source 
of Naval Stores 44 
Special Problems Investigated — Arizona 
and California Western Yellow Pine . 47 
Suggestions for Specifications 49 
Packing Naval Stores 50 
Cost Estimates on a 20-crop Turpentine 
Operation 51 
Publications Relating to the Naval Stores 
Industry 53 
Patents Relating to the Naval Stores In- 
dustry •„*• • 56 
WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
1915 
