THE MIAMI SERIES OF SOILS. 49 
clay loam occurs the rougher and more sloping portions of the type, 
together with many areas which may be so covered with bowlders 
as to make cultivation difficult, are usually devoted to permanent 
pastures. The growth of native and tame grasses is excellent, and 
many pastures have been maintained from 50 to 100 years without 
reseeding or breaking the sod. 
Of the principal crops suited to the middle temperate region, the 
Miami clay loam ranks high in the production of Corn, wheat, oats, 
hay, and pasturage grasses. It is therefore one of the most important 
general farming soil types in the eastern part of the Central States. 
In addition to the crops above mentioned, which dominate the 
agricultural practice of the region and the type, rye is also occa- 
sionally produced in Michigan, giving yields of 15 to 25 bushels 
per acre. Barley production is confined to southeastern Wisconsin, 
and the yields reported vary from 20 to 40 bushels per acre. Beans 
also constitute an important crop in southern Michigan, pro- 
ducing from 10 to 22 bushels per acre, and the latter yield is 
sometimes exceeded. In central Indiana tomatoes are being produced 
as a canning crop, yielding 200 bushels per acre, and in the same 
region green peas are raised for the city markets and as a canning 
crop, giving yields of about 2,000 to 2,500 pounds per acre. These 
constitute secondary special crops, chiefly of local importance and 
produced because of local market conditions. 
In central and southern Michigan the Miami clay loam is also 
frequently used for the production of sugar beets. This crop takes 
the place of a part of the corn acreage in the regular rotation and 
has been produced extensively in this general region. The yields 
vary from 6 to 12 tons per acre, and the beets usually have a high 
sugar content and a high index of purity. The crop is grown only in 
the vicinity of established sugar-beet factories or in neighboring 
localities where transportation to the factories is well provided. 
Another special crop producted on the Miami clay loam is the 
Spanish Zimmer tobacco, grown in the Miami region of southwestern 
Ohio. In this region the tobacco usually follows the corn crop, 
and the Miami clay loam is considered the best soil in the area for 
the production of tobacco. Nearly every farm includes a small field, 
ranging in size from 3 to 8 acres, while some growers produce from 
10 to 30 acres each year. The tobacco grown upon this soil has good 
body, good sweating properties, and is fine fibered and elastic. The 
best filler leaf produced in the region is grown on the rolling upland 
areas of the Miami clay loam. 
Among the tree fruits only apples and pears do well on the Miami 
clay loam, and even with apples it is necessary to discriminate in 
the selection of particular areas of the soil for the planting of 
orchards and also in the selection of varieties suited to such a heavy 
