12 BULLETIN 142, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
Bowlders and larger stones are more numerous within the moraine 
areas, especially those crystalline and other extraneous rock masses 
which were in all probability carried at or near the surface of the ice 
sheet. Large areas of the till plains are nearly stone free at the 
surface. 
It is characteristic of the Wisconsin stage of glaciation that the 
thickest and most hilly areas of morainal deposition were formed 
between the lobes of the glacier invading the Lake region. Along 
such interlobate lines both lobes of the glacier deposited the included 
earthy and stony material as the ice melted. Along such lines also 
the action of water upon the glacial material was pronounced and 
many of the interlobate moraines consist of true unstratified till, of 
hillocks and ridges of water-washed and partly assorted gravel and 
stone, and of ne&rty level sandy areas. The associated hillocks, 
ridges, basins, and hollows, largely formed from stratified material, 
are commonly called kames. They diifer from the morainal areas 
chiefly in the predominance of stratified drift and to some extent in 
the presence of kettle-shaped hollows inclosed between sharp ridges 
and knolls. A characteristic cut in such stony and sandy material 
is shown in Plate II, figure 1. 
The melting of the glacier was accompanied by a greatly swollen 
condition of the streams which issued from the ice front. These 
streams carried large quantities of gravel, sand, and silt southward 
to the uncovered dramagewa}^s of the larger rivers. As a result the 
lower courses of the majority of the streams from the glaciated ter- 
ritory are bordered by terraces of water sorted and washed material 
not included in the Miami series of soils. In some instances partial 
readvances of the ice sheet covered such stratified deposits with a 
later sheet of till, and there are large and small areas of the Miami 
soils within the till plains which are underlain at various depths 
with stratified deposits of such origin. 
In many instances the glacial drainage issuing from the inter- 
lobate moraines carried out sorted material which was deposited 
over broad frontal plains in the form of outwash aprons and terraces 
along drainageways. While these areas do not give rise to soils of 
the Miami series, they are intimately associated with them, occupy- 
ing extensive level tracts between the ridged moraine areas and 
bordering on the undulating or nearly level till plains. It is 
natural that considerable areas in southern and southwestern Michi- 
gan should be formed by such deposits, since the drainage from the 
interlobate region between the Saginaw and the Erie lobes and 
between the Saginaw and Lake Michigan lobes escaped to the south- 
west across the Michigan-Indiana line. This condition also gave 
rise to extensive upland areas where the glacial deposits are so evi- 
