ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF FARMS IN PENNSYLVANIA. 19 
available to pay living expenses, interest on indebtedness, and 
savings. The family income averaged $583 on the farms of the 
smallest size-group, and increased with each size-group to an average 
of $1,184 on the largest size-group. 
GENERAL FARMS. 
Table IX shows a summary of the farm business on 190 general 
farms arranged in four groups according to size of farm. 
Table IX. — Summary of the farm business of 190 general farms, Grove City, Pa., area. 
Averages by farm area groups. 
70 acres 
or under. 
n to ioo 
acres. 
101 to 130 
acres. 
Over 130 
acres. 
Number of farms . 
40 
Farm area 
Crop area 
Months of labor 
Productive animal units . 
Work stock 
Investment 
Receipts 
Expenses 
Farm income 
Interest on investment at 5 per cent. 
Labor income 
84, 308 
733 
307 
426 
216 
210 
Value of farmer's labor. .. 
Per cent on investment l . 
283 
3.3 
Farm income 
Value of unpaid family labor 
Family income 2 
Interest paid on indebtedness 
Amount available for family living. 
Crop yields per acre 3 
$426 
30 
456 
2 
454 
102 
113 
50 
15 
13 
3 
177 
70 
20 
21 
4 
$6,573 
1,016 
443 
573 
329 
244 
$7,388 
1,149 
477 
672 
369 
303 
$11,432 
1,755 
742 
1,013 
572 
441 
319 
3.9 
311 
4.9 
353 
5.8 
$573 
60 
633 
9 
624 
$672 
67 
739 
11 
728 
95 
$1,013 
116 
1,129 
1 
1,128 
103 
1 After deducting the value of farmer's labor from farm income. 
2 The sum of farm income and value of unpaid family labor, or the amount available for family living 
had there been no interest to pay. 
3 Percentage of average for all farms. 
Here, also, it will be seen that labor income increases with size of 
farm. The average labor income for the smallest size-group averaged 
$210 and that of the largest size-group $441. The percentage re- 
turned on investment ran from 3.3 to 5.8 per cent. 
It will be noted that, taken as a whole, the general farmers made 
labor incomes averaging $12 per farm higher than those of the dairy 
farmers. However, it will be noted that the average labor income 
on the two groups of small-sized dairy farms was slightly higher than 
on corresponding size-groups of the general farms. While the aver- 
age size of the dairy farms of these two groups was slightly larger 
than for the corresponding groups of general farms, the main reason 
for the larger labor incomes is that the dairy business is the more 
intensive. It is evident that the small general farms are not so well 
