OKGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF FARMS IN PENNSYLVANIA. 23 
is a rather low production per cow. It was possible to get accurate 
data of the butter fat sold per cow on 123 of the 159 dairy farms, 
but for the rest of the dairy farms it was not possible to get this figure 
accurate enough for these tables, because some of the dairymen sold 
market milk in Grove City or Harrisville, and others shipped this 
product for a part of the year to Youngstown, Ohio, and to New 
Castle, Pa. Some farmers sold market milk locally to miners and 
others living in the area. 
The average labor income of the 123 farms furnishing butter-fat 
data was $259, while the average labor income of all the dairy farms 
was $279. This indicates that the 123 farms are fairly representative. 
The pounds of butter fat sold per cow and the labor income of the 
farms selling butter only, of those selling creamery milk, and of those 
selling both butter and creamery milk is shown in Table XIII. 
Table XIII. — Sales of butter fat per cow and labor income of 123 dairy farms selling 
products as specified, Grove City, Pa., area. 
Number 
of farms. 
Number 
of cows 
per farm. 
Pounds but- 
ter fat sold 
per cow. 
Average 
labor in- 
come. 
Farms selling- 
Butter only | 19 
Creamery milk j 75 
Butter and creamery milk j 29 
129.2 
150.8 
125.1 
S79 
325 
208 
The farmers who sold butter and no other dairy products received 
an average of 35 cents per pound for their butter-fat product. Those 
selling butter and creamery milk received 41 cents per pound, and 
those who sold only to the creamery 43 cents. Those who sold to the 
creamery received 8 cents per pound more for their butter fat than 
those who sold butter only, or about one-fourth (24 per cent) more 
per pound. If the farmers who sold butter only had shipped their 
product to the creamery and had averaged the same production of 
butter fat the receipts per cow would have averaged $10.34 higher, 
and as these farms averaged 6 cows per farm would have received 
$62 per farm greater income. There were 82 general farms that sold 
butter only, and their sales of butter fat per cow were 84.5 pounds, 
which brought them an average of 33 cents per pound. With the 
same production per cow, other things being equal, they would have 
received $8.45 more per cow and $40 greater income per year if their 
milk had been sent to the creamery. 
Most of the farmers of the area keenly realize the advantage of 
shipping their milk to the creamery, and the number of patrons of 
the plant is increasing rapidly. They also realize the need of improv- 
ing the quality of their herds. One cow-testing association and two 
bull associations have been formed since April 1, 1917. 
