24 BULLETIX 853, TJ. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
During the period April 1, 1916, to April 1, 1917, the 349 farmers 
bought for their farms 32 head of pure-bred Holsteins, 13 pure-bred 
Jerseys, 6 pure-bred Guernseys, and 5 pure-bred Shorthorns. In 
addition to the above pure-bred cattle, many began to improve the 
quality of their herds through the purchase of good grade stock and 
also by using pure-bred bulls. 
Ten per cent of the total farm receipts and about one-seventh of the 
stock receipts were from poultry. The receipts from poultry exceeded 
those from any class of live stock except cattle, were nearly as great 
as the combined receipts from hogs and sheep, and were over two- 
thirds as much as the receipts from crops. Fifteen per cent of the 
farms of the area sold over $200 worth of poultry and eggs per farm. 
Some of the farmers got good returns from turkeys. Not many 
ducks or geese were kept in the area. A reasonable increase in the 
amount of poultry, including turkeys, would seem warranted on man}' 
of the farms, especially on the farms with an abundance of family 
labor. Increased attention could be given to the poultry business 
without any interference with the major operations of the farm. 
The receipts from hogs made up 8 per cent of all the farm receipts, 
besides furnishing an average of 594 pounds of pork per farm for family 
use. Hogs were kept on nearly every farm, except some that sold 
whole milk to the creamery or as market milk. 
Receipts from sheep made up less than 3 per cent of the total farm 
receipts. The coarse-wool sheep predominated and the Shropshire 
was the principal breed. Only about 1 farmer in 12 following the 
dairy type kept sheep, while they were kept by one-third of the 
general farmers. The flocks averaged 15 head and produced 12 
lambs per flock. 
There were a few farms in the area where the stock sales were 
principally from beef cattle, but not enough of them to justify 
drawing any definite conclusions relative to the comparative profit- 
ableness of darn' cattle and beef cattle. 
During the year of the survey the prices received for beef cattle 
were relatively higher than the prices received for dairy products, 
and consequently the beef-cattle farms would show a little higher 
labor income on the average than would an equally efficient group 
of dairy farms. Steers were kept on most of the general farms. The 
labor income of the general farms is a little higher than that of the 
dairy farms. On some of the larger farms very good returns were 
realized last year from beef cattle. 
It is probable that beef cattle can be raised at a profit on many of 
the larger farms, particularly those having large areas of rather wet 
pasture not adapted to sheep raising. Beef cattle require much 
less care than dairy cows, and where there is a shortage of labor on 
the farm the raising of beef cattle mar be advisable. 
