MANUFACTURING TESTS OF COTTON STANDARDS. 6 
Each grade was opened during the afternoon, the opened cotton 
being placed in a bin and allowed to age overnight. It was not 
considered necessary to allow the cotton to age for a longer period 
because all the ties except two had been removed upon receipt of the 
cotton two months previously. 
Preliminary tests were made on the cleaning machines, Low Mid- 
dling cotton being used until the visible waste was approximately 
equal to that removed during the previous tests. 2 This was done 
in order that the merits of the several grades of white and colored 
cottons might be put as nearly as possible on a comparative basis. 
The same mechanical conditions were maintained for all grades 
throughout the test. 
The relative humidity in the carding and spinning rooms was 
maintained as nearly as possible between 60 and 65 per cent during 
the entire test. 
PERCENTAGES OF WASTE. 
Accurate records were kept of the net amount of cotton fed to 
each cleaning machine, the amount of each kind of waste discarded, 
and the weight of the finished product. 
The waste percentages calculated from the above items are shown 
in Table 2. 
Table 2. — Percentages of waste from the different grades of cotton tested. 
White. 
Yellow Tinged. 
Yellow Stained. 
Blue Stained. 
Character of waste. 
L.M. 
G.M.Y.T. 
M.Y.T. 
L.M.Y.T. 
G.M.Y.S. 
M.Y.S. 
G.M.B.S. 
M.B.S. 
PICKER "WASTE .a 
Opener-breaker motes and fly 
Finisher motes and fly 
Per ct. 
1.63 
.83 
Per cent. 
1.00 
.50 
Per ct. 
1.20 
.64 
Per cent. 
1.87 
1.17 
Per cent. 
0.81 
.50 
Per ct. 
0.86 
.97 
Per cent. 
1.36 
.68 
Per ct. 
2.08 
1.30 
2.46 
2.93 
1.50 
.99 
1.84 
1.17 
3.04 
1.12 
1.31 
.25 
1.83 
1.50 
2.04 
.25 
3.38 
1.70 
Total visible and invisi- 
ble 
5.39 
2.49 
3.01 
4.16 
1.56 
3.33 
2.29 
5.08 
CARD WASTE. b 
2.57 
.62 
2.81 
.11 
2.88 
.97 
1.65 
.17 
3.32 
1.12 
2.02 
.11 
3.53 
1.16 
4.34 
.31 
2.64 
1.13 
1.68 
.18 
3.93 
1.56 
3.57 
.17 
2.57 
.75 
1.82 
.18 
2.98 
Cylinder and dofier strippings 
.96 
3.25 
.14 
6.11 
.28 
5.67 
cl.24 
6.57 
c.79 
9.34 
.22 
5.63 
.82 
9.23 
.89 
5.32 
1.78 
7.33 
.66 
Total visible and invisi- 
ble 
6.39 
4.43 
5.78 
9.56 
6.45 
10.12 
7.10 
7.99 
THROUGH CARDS . a 
8.23 
3.20 
7.04 
c.22 
8.21 
.40 
11.99 
1.33 
6.85 
1.06 
10.75 
2.36 
7.24 
1.99 
10.24 
Total invisible 
2.33 
Total visible and invisi- 
ble 
11.43 
6.82 
8.61 
13. 32 
7.91 
13.11 
9.23 
12.57 
a Based upon net weight fed to bale breaker. & Based upon net weight fed to cards. c Gain. 
2 See U. S. Department of Agriculture Bulletin 591 : Manufacturing Tests of the Official Cotton 
Standards for Grade, by William S. Dean and Fred Taylor. 1917. 
