MANUFACTURING TESTS OF COTTON STANDARDS. 
STRENGTH OF YARNS. 
Each grade of cotton was spun into 22's yarn. The turns per inch 
inserted were 19.9, 21.1, and 22.3, using twist multipliers of 4.25, 
4.50, and 4.75, respectively. 
In the cotton-testing laboratory at Washington each grade and 
twist was reeled into skeins of 120 yards and broken under constant 
relative humidity conditions of 65 per cent at 70° F. 
Table 5. — Comparing the breaking strength of 22's- yarn with different twists. 
Twist 
multiplier. 
Turns 
per 
inch. 
L.M. 
G.M.Y.T. 
M.Y.T. 
L.M.Y.T. 
G.M.Y.S. 
M.Y.S. 
G.M.B.S. 
M.B.S. 
4.25 
19.9 
21.1 
22.3 
Pounds. 
79.9 
81.3 
77.3 
Pounds. 
84.2 
85.7 
81.9 
Pounds. 
89.0 
88.5 
82.6 
Pounds. 
79.1 
81.2 
77.2 
Pounds. 
83.4 
87.2 
82.6 
Pounds. 
82.1 
82.9 
77.1 
Pounds. 
76.1 
76.6 
73.2 
Pounds. 
75.8 
4.50 
79.5 
4.75 
77.5 
Table 5 shows that the yarn of each grade spun with the twist 
multiplier of 4.50 was the strongest. This fact is very important 
because the twist multiplier of 4.75 is usually used as a standard for 
warp yarns where strength is required. There is one exception to the 
above fact ; in the case of the Middling Yellow Tinged the strongest 
break per skein was obtained with a twist multiplier of 4.25. This 
difference, however, is so small that it is scarcely to be considered. 
The yarn with 21.1 turns per inch, or the 4.50 twist multiplier, 
broke on an average 2.05 per cent stronger than that with 19.9 turns 
per inch, or 4.25 twist multiplier, and 5.32 per cent stronger than that 
with 22.3 turns per inch, or the 4.75 twist multiplier. 
Comparing the breaking strengths of the yarns with the same 
twist, there appears to be no definite relationship between the strength 
of the yarn and the grade of the cotton from which it is spun. 
Arranging the grades in the order of their strength values, a 
slightly different order is observed than when they are arranged in 
the order of their waste values, the order of strength values being 
Middling Yellow Tinged, Good Middling Yellow Stained, Good 
Middling Yellow Tinged, Middling Yellow Stained, Loav Middling, 
Low Middling Yellow Tinged, Middling Blue Stained, and Good 
Middling Blue Stained. 
The breaking strength of the yarn was also tested by the single- 
strand method. The results of these tests are shown in Table 6 and 
indicate a slight difference in the relationship between the strength 
of the different grades from that found in the skein tests. 
55812°— 21— Bull. 990 2 
