MANUFACTURING TESTS OF COTTON STANDARDS. 7 
TEXTILE SCHOOL TESTS. 
Bleaching : 
Scouring. — The yarn was washed in cold water for 15 minutes, 
after which it was boiled in a 2- degree Twaddle solution of caustic 
soda for 7 hours. It was then washed twice in cold water and 
hydroextracted. 
Ghemiching. — The yarn was bleached in a lf-degree Twaddle 
chlorine solution for 2 hours. It was then washed for 30 minutes 
in cold water and hydroextracted. 
Souring. — The yarn was soured for 1-J hours in a lj-degree Twad- 
dle solution of sulphuric acid and then washed in cold water until 
free from chlorine. 
Soaping. — The yarn was soaped in a solution of 5 per cent Solvay 
soda and 0.012 per cent methylene blue, which was heated to 160° F. 
It was then washed in hot water at 120° F., then in cold water, 
hydroextracted and dried. 
The best bleach was obtained on Good Middling Yellow Tinged, 
followed in order by Good Middling Yellow Stained, Low Middling, 
and Middling Yellow Stained, each of which gave a good commercial 
white. The other four grades did not give a satisfactory white. The 
Middling Yellow Tinged and Low Middling Yellow Tinged had a 
bluish appearance, while the Good Middling Blue Stained and 
Middling Blue Stained had a decided slaty or bluish cast. The 
Middling Blue Stained came out the poorest white of all the grades 
tested, the bleaching process having practically no effect upon the 
blue color of this grade. The greatest improvement was noticed in 
the case of Middling Yellow Stained, this grade having a deep yellow 
color and considerable trash before bleaching. After processing, this 
grade had the fourth best white and in addition had lost most of its 
trash. A trial test was made on the blue stains by putting them 
through the bleaching solution and acid a second time. Their white- 
ness was not improved by this double bleach. 
Dyeing: 
Tests were made on the eight grades by dyeing them with direct 
colors — pink and blue. 
Pink. — The bleached yarn was dyed with the following formula : 
0.5 per cent amidine fast pink, 6 per cent Glauber's salt, and 2 per 
cent Solvay soda. The yarn was treated in this bath for 30 minutes 
at 140° F., washed in warm water (120° F.) , rinsed in cold water, and 
dried. 
The best pinks were obtained on the grades that gave the best 
bleach. The best pink was obtained on the Good Middling Yellow 
Tinged, followed in order by Good Middling Yellow Stained, Low 
Middling, Middling Yellow Stained. Middling Yellow Tinged, Low 
