16 
BULLETIN 1119, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
No previous shift of location has been marked by such changes in 
lumbering conditions as are seen in the move from the South to the 
West. In the South and the Lake States there was relatively little 
obstruction to lumbering due to mountainous topography. In the 
West much of the national forest timber, and some oi the private 
timber also, is at present inaccessible on account of the mountains 
and will require heavy expenditures to get it out. Already about 
one-sixth of the western timber has been cut, and naturally it was 
taken from the best and most accessible stands. As time goes on it 
will become increasmgly expensive to lo^ the more remote areas. 
Less yearlong work can be done because of deep snow. 
In the East practicallv all the timber was privately owned. In the 
West only 53 per cent of the timber is privately owned, the remainder 
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WHITE PINE LUMBER 
CONTRASTED PRODUCTION OF 
EASTERN AND V^ESTERN SPECIES 
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Pig. 7. — Millions of acres which would grow eastern white pine are awaiting reforestation. European 
nations would not think of neglecting such an opportunity to set their lands and their people at work. 
belonging to the Government, the States, or mmiicipalities. Thirty- 
six per cent of it is wdtliin National Forests. The ownership of the 
private timber is concentrated to a marked degree. Never before was 
so much timber controlled by so few firms and individuals. Although 
some of the largest holdings have been decreased within recent years, 
many of the small holdings have been consolidated into units suitable 
for operation. This situation apparently offers an opportunity for 
centralized management, in marketing as well as production, such as 
has not existed before. On the other hand, the heavy timber holdings 
of the Government within the national forests provide a means which 
did not exist in the eastern regions for leveling inequalities in produc- 
tion and prices and maintaining competitive conditions. 
The most significant change resulting from the shift is the increased 
distance between the main center of production and the consuming 
