APPENDIX. 
MINERALOGY OF THE SALINES. 
A number of minerals have been reported in the salines of the basin. In addition 
to distinct mineral species mention must be made of the mixtures of chlorides, sul- 
phates, borates, and carbonates which are of common occurrence. 
List of minerals. 
[Compiled from Dana, Clark, Eakle, and records of Cooperative Laboratory and State Mining Laboratory 
of the University of Nevada.] 
Name. 
Chemical symbol. 
Name. 
Chemical symbol. 
Soluble minerals: 
Thermona trite ..*... 
Na.CO3.H2O. 
Na 2 CO 3 .10H 2 O. 
Na2CO3.NaHCO3.2H2O. 
Na 2 SO4.10H 2 O. 
Na 2 S0 4 . 
NaCl. 
NaoB4O 7 .10H 2 O. 
NaN0 3 . 
KNO3. 
Ca(N0 3 )2-nH 2 0. 
Mg(N0 3 )2.nH 2 0. 
Na 22 K(S04)9(C0 3 ) 2 Cl. 
K 2 S04.A1 2 (S04)3-24H 2 0. 
Na 2 S04.CaS0 4 . 
3Na 2 S0 4 .2NaCl. 
Na 2 Ca(C0 3 )2.5H 2 0. 
MgCO3.Na2CO3.NaCl. 
Insoluble or almost in- 
soluble minerals: 
CaS04. 
Gypsum 
CaS0 4 .2H 2 0. 
SfS04. 
CaCOs- 
Halite 
Dolomite 
MgCa(C0 3 ) 2 . 
Borax 
Tychite... 
Colemanite Pan- 
dermite (var.). 
2MgC03.2Na 2 C03.Na2SO. 
Soda niter 
Niter 
Ca2B60ii-5H 2 0. 
NaCaB 5 09.8H 2 0. 
Nitromagnesite 
Howlite 
H 5 Ca2B 5 SiOi4. 
Boraeite (?) 
Neocolmanite 
Mg 7 Cl 2 Bi603o. 
Kalinite 
Partly or slightly solu- 
Same composition as cole- 
manite. 
S. 
Na 2 Ca(C03)>.2H 2 0. 
Sulphohalite 
Gaylussite 
Northupite 
In addition to the above, potassium chloride and sulp'aate, and magnesium chloride 
and sulphate, are to be found in mixtures but have not been reported as minerals. 
Hydrogen sulphide, ammonia, iodine, bromine, and arsenious oxide have been 
reported in analyses. Marsh gas has been reported from a bore near Fallon, Nev. 
Certain temperature observations have been made in connection with the synthetic 
studies of saline compounds and these have been summarized below: 
Temperature controlling formation of saline minerals. 
°C. 
110 Pandermite formed from solution of sodium and potassium chlorides. 1 
100 Anhydrite formed from action of sulphuric acid on calcium carbonate. 
Tychite and northupite formed at temperature of steam bath. 2 
70 Colemanite formed from ulexite in salt solution. 1 
34 and above. Thenardite formed from sodium sulphate solution. 3 
34 and below. Mirabilite formed from sodium sulphate solution. 3 
20 to 38 Trona, borax, ulexite, gaylussite, natron, gypsum, hanksite, halite, 
sulphohalite; deposited from solution. Anhydrite forms from satu- 
rated salt solution. 
10 and above. Glauberite. 1 
1 Clarke, Bui. No. 491, Data of Geochemistry, U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 216. 
2 Am. Jour, of Sci., 4th Series, v. 20, p. 217. 
3 The Occurrence of Potassium Salts' in the Salines of the United States, Bui. No. 94, Bureau of Soils, 
U. S. Department of Agriculture. 
69 
