PRODUCTION AND CONSERVATION OF FATS AND OILS. 
43 
Pumpkin and squash seeds, now a total loss in the factories which 
can these vegetables, contain a dark-red oil somewhat similar in 
appearance to cottonseed oil. When refined this oil does not, 
however, become as light in color as cottonseed oil. Still it would 
be possible to use such an oil in soap making, and perhaps for some 
other technical purposes. These oils are now under observation 
by the experts of the Department of Agriculture. 
Individually such oil-bearing wastes do not as a rule occur in 
sufficiently large amounts in any one place to make profitable there 
the operation of an oil mill. Nevertheless, if collected and pressed 
at a central point in the various canning sections, they would add 
their mite to our oil resources. 
FAT AND OIL DERIVATIVES OR SECONDARY PRODUCTS. 
Aside from the pure fats and oils produced in this country, there 
are a number of products that are either glycerids or by-products 
from the refining of glycerids, largely sodium soaps, mixed with more 
or less neutral oil. These have been grouped together, and, for want 
of a better term, called fat and oil derivatives. In 1917 we manu- 
factured over 590,000,000 pounds of such secondary products 
(Table 11). 
Table 11. — Production of fat and oil derivatives in the United States. 
Product. 
Acidulated soap stock 
Cottonseed foots 
Cottonseed foots (distilled) . 
Fatty acids 
Fatty acids (distilled) 
Grease stearin 
Lard oil 
Mutton oil 
Oleo oil 
Other soap stocks 
Red oil 
Tallow and oleost earin 
Tallow oil 
Vegetable stearin 
All other stearin 
All other foots 
Total. 
Pounds. 
32, 702, 000 
141,088,000 
80,724,000 
15,618,000 
28,476,000 
17,508,000 
22,296,000 
573.000 
119, 889; 000 
10,076,000 
27, 494, 000 
77,756,000 
5,010,000 
218, 000 
383,000 
579,813,000 
1914 
Pounds. 
32,411,000 
194,144,000 
87,820,000 
23,563,000 
32,436,000 
19,730,000 
22,034,000 
687,000 
143,453,000 
18,095,000 
38,109,000 
82,049,000 
8,103,000 
345,000 
1,258,000 
704,239.000 
1916 
Pounds. 
26,199,000 
122,468,000 
33,548,000 
20,431,000 
50,016,000 
31,619,000 
45,413,000 
430,000 
152,033,000 
11,629,000 
38,300,000 
80,263,000 
6,702,000 
5,398,000 
195, 000 
2,210.000 
636,854,000 
1917 
Pounds. 
16,151,000 
112, 847, 000 
33, 900, 000 
25,531,000 
55,373,000 
30, 046, 000 
37,930,000 
405, 000 
143,088,000 
7,457,000 
40,160,000 
74,342,000 
3,761,000 
5,801,000 
1,565,000 
2,402,000 
590.759,000 
These derivatives fall into two classes. The first class comprises 
those which are obtained as by-products from refining oils, and are 
known in this country either as soap stock or u foots." Adding 
together the acidulated soap stocks and crude and distilled cotton- 
seed foots produced in the United States in 1917, a total output of 
some 160,000,000 pounds of these by-products is obtained. As both 
fatty acids and distilled fatty acids are made largely from cottonseed 
oil, it is evident that by far the greater proportion of foots in this 
