MISCELLANEOUS INSECTICIDE INVESTIGATIONS. 27 
ing and sucking insects at the same time. It would appear that it is 
not well to allow kerosene emulsion and arsenate of lead to stand 
combined too long previous to its application, if the best results are 
to be obtained. However, a standing for a day or so would make 
no material difference, since there is but slight breaking down of the 
soap. In general, insecticides should not be combined until they are 
to be used. Anthracene emulsion, 5 per cent, burned the foliago 
badly. Laundry soap, 3 to 50, was effective against the young aphides 
only. Arsenate of lead alone, as was to be 4 expected, had little or no 
effect upon the aphides. The combination of arsenate, of calcium with 
keroseno emulsion is not a desirable one, since an insoluble calcium 
soap is formed, thereby releasing some free kerosene. 
According to the results of the above experiment a 10 per cent 
kerosene emulsion should prove effective against the green apple- 
aphis. In one instance, however, not all of the aphides were killed. 
The nicotine solutions, with a dilution up to 1 to 2,000 combined with 
soap, were likewise effective aphidicides. Anthracene emulsion, 3 
per cent, gave satisfactory control, and at this strength caused no 
foliage injury. The kerosene emulsions under 10 per cent were not 
satisfactory, neither were the soaps at the strengths tested, except 
that fish-oil soap, 5 to 50, killed 90 per cent of the aphides. 
FIELD EXPERIMENTS. 
POISON TESTS IN EXPERIMENTAL APPLE ORCHARD. 
The Ben Davis orchard which had been used for experimental pur- 
poses during the seasons of 1912 and 1913 was again secured for con- 
tinued investigations. The orchard was in very fair condition and 
responded very creditably in fruit production, the crop in 1914 being 
larger than any produced in the past. The experiments included 
tests of insecticides combined with fungicides, since, in commercial 
orcharding, a combination spray is usually made. Most of the plats 
received five spray applications, namely: (1) Dormant application, 
April 16 and 17; (2) cluster-bud stage, May 5 and 6; (3) when petals 
dropped, May 23, 25, and 26; (4) throe to four weeks later, June 15, 
16, and 17; (5) nine weeks after petals dropped, July 27 and 28. 
The orchard was sprayed with a power outfit having a pressure aver- 
aging about 225 pounds. 
The results of the investigations as reported in the succeeding 
pages were obtained from an examination of the fruit. Certain trees 
in each plat are designated as count trees. The dropped fruit from tho 
count trees was picked up and examined weekly throughout the sea- 
son, and at harvesting time the picked fruit was likewise examined. 
The more important results of the experiments for the control of the 
codling moth are herewith reported. 
