20 BULLETIN 639, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
plants. The small circles indicate the location of the different dealers 
in the city. The number of radii within the circle represents the 
number of delivery routes operated by each dealer. When a dealer 
purchased his supply from a pasteurizing and bottling plant, a broken 
line shows his connection with the plant from which the supply was 
obtained. A comparison of the map with figure 6, which presents 
conditions on May 1, 1915, shows that the number of city milk plants 
was reduced on August 1, but that the number of milk dealers had 
not decreased greatly. 
In addition to the dealers referred to in figure 7 there were two 
‘dealers who operated plants in the country where milk was pasteur- 
ized, bottled, and shipped to Detroit. By selling to hotels, restau- 
rants, and factories it was possible for one of the suburban plants to 
sell practically its entire supply at wholesale. The other plant bot- 
tled a considerable portion of its supply in the country, and either 
shipped the remainder in bulk to the city or manufactured it into 
cheese. This plant used fiber containers instead of glass bottles for 
goods sold in retail quantities. Instead of delivering direct to con- 
sumers, which would have required an investment in retail delivery 
equipment and the maintenance of a city sales organization, arrange- 
ments were made with grocery stores to retail the milk. There were 
some objections to the use of fiber containers, but storekeepers gen- 
erally accepted them, because no losses were incurred by the failure 
of customers to return the empty bottles. The use of these containers 
was very successful for that class of trade. 
Table XV shows the proportion of retail and wholesale trade of 
dealers handling different quantities of milk. 
TABLE XV.—Relation of retail to wholesale business. 
“Average Quarts sold daily. Per cent sold. 
number ee Re 
Number of wagons. of wag- | ee ek 
ons per | : WV hole- . hole- 
dealer. Retail. sale. Retail. sale. 
I bi 9 ea eee bey Ae AE eae Fee eee Pen) eee eet 8S ea 1.5 34, 752 25, 964 97.2 42.8 
GibON See ee ee BE oe eee ee 11.4 20, 700 12, 660 62.0 38.0 
AG bo BOL kt eee oe ee Ba one See 17.5 12, 900 11, 300 53.3 46.7 
OL TOs a0S - > 2 ot 2 So Sek Sse CE ee 117.5 45, 600 26, 400 63.3 36.7 
Different dealers had various proportions of wholesale and retail 
business, and there was no definite relation between the quantity of 
milk handled and the proportion of wholesale to retail sales. 
The relation of the size of a dealer’s business to the daily variation 
in quantities of market milk sold at wholesale and retail is shown in 
figure 8. While the records of both the larger and smaller dealers 
showed considerable variation in their total daily sales, the sales of 
