14 BULLETIN 639, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
deducted. The average costs of collecting, handling, and transport- 
ing to city amount to approximately 25 per cent of the net price paid 
to the farmers. The last column of the table shows that the cost of 
milk delivered in Detroit varied considerably, depending upon where 
it was bought and the varying costs of collecting, handling at sta- 
tions, and transportation to the city. The dealers paid varying 
prices in different communities, in accordance with the local competi- 
tive conditions and the city demands for market milk. There was 
no fundamental cost basis for the prices which then prevailed in the 
Detroit territory. (See also Table II and fig. 2.) 
TRADE DEMANDS IN DETROIT. 
The business of milk dealers usually consisted of a combination of 
wholesale and retail trade. The wholesale trade required milk and 
cream in both cans and bottles; hotels, restaurants, ice-cream manu- 
facturers, and bakeries generally purchased bulk goods, while hospi- 
tals, sanitariums, saloons, and soda fountains required both bulk and 
bottled goods. Retail stores also bought bottled goods at wholesale 
prices. Prices paid by that class of trade varied greatly, depending 
largely upon the grade and quantity purchased, as well as upon 
changing market conditions. Wholesale prices for common milk 
generally fluctuated around 22 cents a elon in bulk and 7 cents a 
quart in bottles. 
The retail trade of milk dealers consisted of sales to families and 
(for luncheon) to office and factory workers. The retail price for 
common milk in Detroit during June, July, and August, 1915 (the 
time covered by this study) was about 8 cents a quart. 
Table XII shows the variation of demand on retail milk routes. 
TABLE XII.—Variable demands of retail customers for milk, cream, and other 
milk products, by different retail routes. 
Certified and Butter-| Average 3 
Common milk special. Cream. milk. | daily sales. © 
28 
pee ee eee | By ee ieee eles Ss dese 
Number of | 5/5 |2/8 | 8/5 = 5 |2l8 la | & (5 as & les 
customers i ees a ees Wa MI ee ee ar 4 |= fo ames bh Ene 9 |%q 
onroute. | FlOZ| Foal Flos) Hjoez | BlogZis yloz|oylo2| Sjogz mR | ES 
o1..2/S6],,5/5],,2/ S61, 29/61,,2 Sle Soni Soi cies 2 op 
KIBEI SBE SBE SBE SER a RIB BERGE SEE £ = ° 
Aare S8)2 alk lara a ek 5 = es 
yh PIED Paes CER eae ee eis 18 a pes 5: ret Ios 
le jal [ale fai jal fe ie be is lain | a a |< 
3 5 Cs SS eee |122|34. 7/236/67.2} 3] 0.8) 4/ 1.1) 3) 0.8) 34) 9.6) 24) 6.8) 4) 1.1/$24.44/$0. 069/$247. 00/$0. 703 
OAV yas Sie -| 92/4229) 130160271 ol aaolesst- nee lanai e a dosh Selo Gl) ei 4 183. 00 
52h eS a ee (156/45. 4 215162. 6) 4); 4.0) (5) a4) a) S825) 257.2) FSi zeal eee 409. 00} 1. 192 
JAB eee oe 109/39. 9)188/68. 8} 3) 1.0) 4) 1.4] 5) 1.8) 30/10.9) 35)12.8) 10) 3.6) 22. 261.00} .956 
Le eae e ee 130/40. 7/207|64. 8} 8} 2.5) 2) .6)...|....| 28] 8.7| 28) 8.7) 10) 3.1) 24. 339. 00} 1.062 
ot ee 129/36. 2/239|67.1)...|... eee He all's 51/14.3} 57|16.0) 6) 1.6] 26. 351.00} .985 
eee ee ee 134139. S1252|75.0} 2p). 2)oce se. fs Fears CPA BS Hie 22| Sissel 2ee 234. 00 696 
BAA. 5 2H 183 53. 1/251 Taco) eat cel eel. ete 8} 2.3 4) 1.1] 10} 2.9) 26. 321. 00 933 
DAZ AF See SS 157/45. 9/250/73. 0} 10) 2.9) 2) .5) 2) .5) 33) 9.6) 25) 7.3) 6) 1.7) 28. 440.00} 1.286 
1 DLE ah ee 70/56. 0 70\56.0) 2] 1.6) 2] 1.6) 3] 2.4} 20/16.0} 12) 9.6) 7] 5.6) 11 176. 00) 1.408 
Average, 300. 128/42. 6/204 68.0)8.7] 1.2123) .71.7) -5)26.6 8.$122.3 7.4/7.6 2.5| 22 076| 296.00] .986 
