2 a 
12 BULLETIN 639, U. 8. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
TABLE IX.—Comparison of tr ansportation rates on electric and steam railways — 
in the Detroit market milk territory during the year 1915. 
Distance, in miles, for which rates apply. 
Rates per | | 
10-gallon Dew Pera | Michigan Grand 
sis poet = Marquette Central Trunk 
(ele olen: Railroad. Railroad. Railroad. 
$0.15 1-30 1-25 1-25 1-17 
eS ee 1-25 1-25 18-55 
4 Bie | ee REN ee 26-30 26-30) eles Beane are 
22 31-35 31-35 of Fes teas (eee pe seean na 
23 36-40 36-40 SOD alee ae 
24 41-45 41-45 41-45 | ceo ase < 
25 46-50 46-50 46-50 56-75 
26 51-60 51-60 OGD) asc kceree eee 
27 61-70 61-70 61-70 Ae eee ee 
28 71-80 71-80 ff IE. | Min (SRR Se Da he 
29 81-90 81-90 S15 00) aie eae etre 
30 91-100 91-100 91-100 76-100 
In order to transport bottled milk from a milk-bottling plant 
about 30 miles from Detroit, an insulated milk car on the electric line 
was equipped with brine pipes by means of which the car could be 
refrigerated. Refrigeration was obtained by connecting the brine 
coils under the ceiling of the car with the brine tanks in the country 
milk plant, and while the car was being loaded the cold brine was 
pumped through the coils, thus cooling or refrigerating the car. 
Milk containers made of fiber were used in place of glass bottles. 
(See PI. II, fig. 1.) 
The concrete roads which extend into the country surrounding 
Detroit make it possible to haul a considerable portion of the milk 
direct from the farms or country milk stations to the city milk 
plants. Both horse-drawn and motor trucks are used for the pur- 
pose, although, because of their greater speed, the latter are super- 
seding the former, especially on long hauls. 
From a muraber of country milk stations milk was trucked to the 
city plants by the same men who had charge of the receiving and 
cooling operations. The actual amounts paid by milk dealers to per- 
sons who hauled milk from country stations to the city, by either 
motor or horse truck, were ascertained at several stations. Table X 
presents a comparison of the trucking costs with the transportation 
rates for equal distances by rail. 
TABLE X.—Costs of trucking milk compared with rail transportation rates. 
Average Comparative transportation 
number | Distance costs per can. 
Number of station. a cae canny a STE 
aule miles). i eam ectric 
daily. Trucks roads. roads. 
( PS Arent ee eae AAO ke a Pee oe Aree Lae 30.7 12>) $0.15 $0. 20 $0.15 
7 FASS aa Pe ae Bee MONE t SL aes 08D Nigel Rak ie BR ET tS 2 31.6 1 215 15 
5 ee ee ee Le ee Pee) eee ee wR a. ee A ot 46.5 12 =ey 20 15 
eee Ey ae ERY, i ee Lie Tetar Pee Se eR ot ees oO 40.5 15 SW | 20 15 
SAG ees sy eg ett Sal ge sie oe Pee ee Se eee 112.5 15 aif 20 15 
Gee a ecole sae e ee. A oe 2 ee ee ne as 49.4 20 Leo. oh 20 15 
Vince cede oe eo oe ues ee ee eee. Sees Se 41.1 25 6175 20 15 
Bo sk 26 oe coke ee ee ee eee ee oe eee 43.7 25 my WS 20 15 
Bversee ois ree lo 49.5 17| 1656 20 15 
