UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
BULLETIN No. 1064 
Contribution from the Forest Service 
WILLIAM B. GREELEY, Forester 
Washington, D. C. 
August 21, 1922 
OLEORESIN PRODUCTION: A MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF 
THE EFFECTS PRODUCED ON THE WOODY TISSUES OF 
SOUTHERN PINES BY DIFFERENT METHODS OF TUR- 
PENTINING. 
By Eloise Gekry, Microscopist, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wis. 
CONTENTS. 
Page. 
The naval stores industry 1 
Purpose of the investigation 2 
Oleoresin 3 
Structure of wood of turpentine 
pines 4 
Methods of study 7 
Process of turpentining . 8 
Page. 
Results obtained by different 
methods 12 
Chipping in the lightwood 31 
Suggestions for future practice i 33 
Suggestions for future research 38 
Summary 40 
THE NAVAL STORES INDUSTRY. 
Naval stores is the name applied to the products obtained chiefly 
by distilling the oleoresin or gum which exudes from living pines 
when the wood is wounded. The turpentine and rosin thus obtained 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 
The writer wishes to express her appreciation of the many courtesies extended to her 
at the places visited in Mississippi, Louisiana, and Florida, and particularly to the fol- 
lowing for assistance given in obtaining specimens and information on methods and 
practices : 
The Bogalusa Turpentine Co., especially to Messrs. Adams, Kemp, A. T. Lewis, C C 
Harding, and N. T. Dorsey ; Mr. .1. P. Fraim, of the Fernwood Lumber Co., Fernwood, 
Miss. ; Mr. J. F. Payne, Gulfport, Miss. ; Mr. J. A. Taylor, of the Gillican-Chipley Co., 
the Union Naval Stores Co., the Imperial Naval Stores Co., Poitevent & Favre, all of 
New Orleans, La. ; the Consolidated Naval Stores Co., of Jacksonville, Fla., especially Mr. 
McGarvey Cline ; Mr. G. A. Clark, of Daytona ; Mr. D. N. Corbett, of Orlando ; Mr. A. 
Sessoms ; and Mr. W. A. Sessoms, of Bonifay, Fla. Assistance was also generously given 
by the organization of the Florida National Forest, especially Capt. I. F. Eldredge, 
Supervisor L. L. Bishop, Deputy Supervisor E. R. McKee ; also by Mr. Johnson and Mr. 
W. N. Hartgrove, of Garniers, Fla. ; by Mr. Austin Cary, of the Washington office of the 
Forest Service ; and by Mr. R. L. Pettigrew, Dr. A. W. Schorger, and Mr. H. F. Wiess, all 
formerly of the Forest Products Laboratory staff. 
Helpful criticisms and suggestions were also given by Dr. C. H. Herty, editor of the 
Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, and by Prof. C. E. Allen and Prof. J.'B. 
Overton, of the department of botany of the University of Wisconsin, as well as by mem- 
bers of the staff of the Forest Products Laboratory. 
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