2 BULLETIX 937. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICrXTURE. 
The Canadian plan, in the above sense, is typified in two hirge com- 
panies: The United Grain Growers, Ltd.. with headquarters at 
TTinnipeg. Manitoba, and the Saskatcliewan Cooperative Elevator 
Company. Ltd.. of Regina. Saskatchewan. These two companies 
own and operate over 600 country elevators in the three Provinces of 
Alberta. Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, in addition to other activities, 
which will be more specifically referred to in another part of this 
bulletin. 
Because the Canadian farmers' companies have entered the termi- 
nal markets and in other ways have carried their marketing activities 
further than have the single-unit type of farmers* elevators in the 
middle western section of the L^nited States, some have thought 
that the American farmers erred in their scheme of organiza- 
tion and that the Canadian type of organization is the correct 
type for this country as a whole. It is not the purpose of this 
bulletin to try to establish which is the correct type, but rather to 
segregate and distinguish certain conditions and factors relating to 
the operation of different types of organizations and to assist the 
reader to a better understanding of cooperative grain marketing as 
carried on in various parts of the United States and in Canada. 
In the collection of material for this study, personal visits were 
made to typical organizations representing different types and oper- 
ating conditions, and numerous interviews were held with persons 
variously engaged in grain marketing in this country and in Canada. 
THE FARMERS' ELEVATOR MOVEMENT. 
EARLY DEVELOPMENT. 
There is a notable difference in the manner in which the coopera- 
tive activities of the farmers took concrete form as between the 
middle western section of the L^nited States and western Canada. 
In the United States the farmers began b}^ establishing their own co- 
operatively owned elevators at the local station, trusting to independ- 
ent commission firms in the terminal markets to furnish an outlet for 
their grain. The individtial grower of grain sold his grain to his own 
local elevator company, in which he was a stockholder, and it in turn 
found an outlet for the grain through the regularly established com- 
mission firms and other trade avenues. In Canada, on the other hand, 
the farmers first organized for the purpose of sectiring legislation 
favorable to direct shipments by individual growers and of correcting 
alleged trade abtises. There was no attempt by the growers, in the 
beginning, to establish elevators; their efforts were directed toward 
securing the privilege of loading their own grain directly into cars 
and having it sold fairly in the central markets. That a grower 
might, if he so desired, ship his grain direct seemed to offer at least 
a check on those elevators which were unreasonal)le in their charires 
