20 BULLETIN 425, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
with which com can be grown on that farm during a series of years. 
Root crops are used as a substitute for silage on many of the farms 
studied. 
CLOVER. 
Clover does exceptionally well in practically all parts of this region. 
Good yields are ordinarily secured without the aid of artificial inocu- 
lation or liine. Clover or clover and timothy are the most popular 
hay crops grown in this section. Medium red clover yields two crops 
in one season. The first crop is cut for hay and the second either for 
hay or for seed. 1 Two tons of hay from the first cutting and one 
from the second is a common yield, and it is not at all uncommon 
for clover seed to yield two bushels per acre. The clover-seed crop 
is somewhat uncertain, but in case it does not promise a fair yield 
of seed, by careful observation the farmer can usually determine this 
in time to cut the crop for hay. 
ALFALFA. 
Alfalfa can be grown successfully in nearly all parts of the region, 
but certain requirements are usually essential. Drainage, manure, 
a deep, compact, clean seed bed. lime, inoculation, and good seed 
insure a stand of alfalfa on the average soil of this district in any 
ordinary year. Alfalfa yields more hay per acre than clover, but it 
does not fit so well into existing rotations. 
SWEET CLOVER. 
Sweet clover is still in the experimental stage in this region, but is 
yielding satisfactory returns on a few farms. Soil preparation for 
sweet clover is about the same as for alfalfa. For hay and pasture 
it is less palatable than alfalfa. It seeds heavily, and the high price 
of the seed makes it a good cash crop. Sweet clover inoculates and 
in other ways prepares the soil for alfalfa. 
HAIRY VETCH. 
Hairy vetch is still in the experimental stage in this district. It 
is usually grown with winter rye. TVhen sown late in the fall it some- 
times winter-kills badly, but a good stand yields well and the seed 
usually sells at a high price. The crop is grown for seed, for hay, 
and for soil improvement. The common fanning mill does not sepa- 
rate vetch seed from rye, but there is a gravity spiral machine now 
on the market that makes a very complete separation. 
CASH CROPS. 
The following are good cash crops for this district: Potatoes for 
seed or market, hay, clover seed, peas, beans, hairy vetch, seed corn, 
rye, wheat, barley, and buckwheat. Limited amounts of small fruits 
1 U. S. Department of Agriculture Farmers' Bulletin Xo. 323, "Clover Farming on the Sandy Jack Pine 
Lands of the Xorth." 
