FARMING ON CUT-OVER LANDS. 
15 
rust. To offset this the corn and hay crops were generally good, the 
hay crop being exceptionally good in some parts of the district. A 
limited number of records taken for the years 1913 and 1915 indicate 
that these labor incomes are only slightly below normal. 
From a strictly business point of view these farms do not appear 
to be successful, but they furnish a home for the family and offer 
an opportunity to earn a living. The owners, however, should not 
be satisfied with their present conditions, and indeed most of them 
are not. 
QUALITY OF COWS AND LABOR INCOME. 
The influence of quality of cows on labor income can be satisfac- 
torily studied only on farms on which dairying is a leading enterprise. 
For this reason Table 7 includes only farms that have 40 per cent 
or more of the gross income from the sale of dairy products. 
Table 7. — Income on dairy f arras as affected by quality of cows. 1 
[Average of 164 farms.] 
Group and tillable area. 
Income 
per 
Num- 
ber of 
Num- 
ber of 
cows 
Aver- 
tillable 
area. 
In- 
come 
per 
cow. 
Family 
in- 
Family 
labor 
Farm 
in- 
Labor 
in- 
cow. 
farms. 
per 
farm. 
come. 
come. 
come. 
come. 
Acres. 
[Less 
34 
6.2 
26.4 
$33. 7 
$183. 
-$71. 9 
-$9. 9 
-$264. 8 
than 
Group A, less than 40 acres . 
\ $50. 
S50 or 
26 
7.2 
28.7 
65.5 
504.3 
204.8 
330.1 
30.6 
[ more. 
iLess 
34 
9.7 
53.5 
36.5 
315.7 
-34.4 
81.4 
- 268.7 
than 
Group B , 40 to 80 acres 
\ $50. 
250 or 
56 
9.8 
57.1 
72.0 
771.2 
346.8 
546.5 
122.1 
[ more. 
[Less 
None. 
than 
I 
Group C, 80 acres or more. . . 
\ $50. 
$50 or 
14 
18.4 
124.8 
86.1 
1,487.8 
668.0 
1,095.8 
276.0 
[ more. 
In order to eliminate the influence of size of business, the farms are 
first grouped according to tillable area. Each group is then sub- 
divided on the basis of income per cow. In each group the first 
subdivision includes all farms having less than $50 income per cow, 
and the second subdivision includes all farms on which the income 
per cow is $50 or more. 
Group A contains farms having a cultivated area not to exceed 
40 acres. In this group the farms having poor cows have practi- 
cally the same number of cows and the same acreage under cul- 
tivation as the farms having the better grade of cows. This elimi- 
nates size of business as measured in number of cows and tillable 
area. In a similar way the influence of size of business is minimized 
in groups B and C. 
1 As the term is used in this bulletin, a dairy farm is one that derives at least 40 per cent of its receipts 
from the sale of dairy products and not that much from any other one enterprise. 
