FARMING ON" CUT-OVER LANDS. 5 
future for the dairy type of farming. The survey records indicate 
that dairying and hog production, combined with a moderate acreage 
of one or two money crops, is proving a satisfactory type of farming 
on a large percentage of the farms of this region. Mixed farming 
rather than a highly specialized type is apparently well adapted 
to the majority of farms in this district. 
Table 1 shows the average area, capital invested, and income 1 
of 801 farms in the cut-over district. The average size of these 
farms is 108 acres, of which 55.2 acres, or practically one-half, 
are tillable and 52.8 acres are nontillable. In addition to all the 
Fig. 2. — In some parts of the region lakes and streams are numerous. 
unimproved land that may possibly be brought under cultivation, 
the term " nontillable area" as used here includes the nonproduc- 
tive lands taken up by farmsteads, roads, streams, timberland, etc. 
1 The following definitions may be found helpful in studying the tables: 
a. Family labor is the unpaid farm labor furnished by the family, not including the operator's labor. 
ft. Labor income is the amount left the farmer for his services after all expenses, except the value of his 
labor, have been deducted. Family labor, depreciation, and interest on total investment, are included 
among these expenses. In addition to labor income, the farmer has his home and what the farm furnishes 
directly toward the family living. 
In this bulletin interest is figured at 5 per cent. 
c. Farm income is total receipts minus all expenses except the value of the operator's labor and interest 
on total investment; or, farm income is labor income plus interest on total investment. 
d. Family labor income is total income minus all expenses except the value of the operator's labor and 
family labor; or, family labor income is labor income plus value of family labor. 
e. Family income is total income minus all expenses except the value of the operator's labor, family 
labor, and interest on total investment; or, family income is labor income dIus value of family labor, plus 
interest on total investment. 
