2 BULLETIN 425, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
it offers an opportunity to expand the farm business to the full 
capacity of the total farm area. 
3. Labor incomes average SI 18 on the 355 farms that have crop 
yields above the average, and minus $5 on the 446 farms that have 
crop yields below the average, a difference of SI 23. 
4. With average yield and average price, potatoes furnish a satis- 
factory cash crop in practically all parts of the district. Large 
acreage, however, is not to be generally recommended on account of 
the danger of low prices resulting from local overproduction. 
5. Other valuable cash crops adapted to certain areas are hay, 
clover seed, peas, beans, hairy vetch, potatoes, seed corn, oats, rye, 
wheat, barley, small fruit, and garden vegetables. 
6. Early varieties of corn mature in the southern and central part, 
and silage corn can usually be produced over a large portion of the 
district. 
7. Silos are increasing rapidly wherever corn can be grown. When 
only a few cows are kept, root crops are generally substituted for 
silage. 
8. As there are few large cities, the demand for truck crops is 
somewhat limited in most parts of the district. The well-managed 
farms produce an abundance of home supplies, such as vegetables, 
small fruit, milk, butter, eggs, and meat. 
9. Dairying combined with cash crops is financially profitable 
when production per cow is high and crop yields above the average. 
10. On dairy farms of all sizes the quality of cows, as indicated by 
receipts per cow, is a major factor in determining labor income. 
11. The production of sheep or beef cattle as a major enterprise, 
while not common in the district, is furnishing satisfactory incomes 
on a few farms. 
1-2. Hog production may be profitably combined with dairying 
where corn matures and on farms where rye, barley, soy beans, or 
Canadian field peas can be substituted for corn. 
13. On account of the opportunity to use extra labor to advantage 
at all seasons of the year, either in lumbering or in clearing laud. 
seasonal distribution of farm labor has not yet become an important 
problem in recently settled sections. 
14. A large amount of family labor is available, much of which is 
not used to advantage. 
15. The crop area per horse is too small for the most profitable 
use of labor. 
16. Small irregular fields and numerous stumps prevent the most 
efficient use of farm machinery. 
17. Few farmers in this district are rapidly accumulating wealth, 
but, with economy and good management, there is an opportunity 
to make a living and a little more. 
