COOPERATIVE PURCHASING AND MARKETING ORGANIZATIONS, 39 
grower has found it profitable to organize for the marketing of his 
products, it is not strange that over 60 per cent of the organizations 
which reported from this State belong to the fruit and produce class. 
The others consist of creameries and cheese factories, stores, olive 
and nut associations, and various miscellaneous farmers' marketing 
enterprises. 
Cooperation in this State is noted especially for the central organi- 
zations made up of local units which are found among the citrus, 
walnut, almond, raisin, and apple growers. The elevators and cream- 
eries of the North Central States for the most part have been con- 
tent with the method of allowing each local concern to look after the 
marketing of its own products independent of neighboring associa- 
tions of the same character. The fruit growers of California have 
found it advantageous to unite their local associations into central 
selling bodies. It must not be inferred that this is the only State 
where such central organizations are found, for there are a number 
of examples of such centralization throughout the United States, 
but the success of this form of endeavor has been particularly notable 
in California. 
THE NORTH PACIFIC STATES. 
The four Pacific Northwestern States — Oregon, Washington, 
Idaho, and Montana — may be grouped together in considering 
farmers' marketing activities. Conditions are similar in the four 
States with reference to organization and some of the lines of activity 
extend to all of the States in the group. Of the 329 organizations 
which reported from these four States, about 35 per cent are fruit 
and produce associations, 30 per cent are grain elevators or ware- 
houses, 15 per cent are creameries or cheese factories, 7 per cent are 
stores, and 13 per cent are classed as miscellaneous associations. 
The central selling organizations found in these States among the 
apple growers are the most notable. For the last five years various 
movements have been set on foot to make the fruit growers' associa- 
tions hi these States more effective. These movements have resulted 
in the rise and fall of numerous central selling or other associations, 
and a continual changing of affiliations and policies on the part of 
local associations. In this region are a number of very successful 
canneries which have been established to take care of fruit and vege- 
table products which can not be marketed to advantage in the fresh 
state. Not all of the canneries established have been successful, for 
a large number of failures were reported. 
TEXAS. 
The State of Texas may be considered by itself because of the con- 
ditions here represented. Over 50 per cent of the organizations re- 
porting from this State are cotton associations and about 20 per cent 
