20 
BULLETIN 92*7, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
duce an oil comparable in quality to the common edible oils of com- 
merce. 
The solvent-extracted oil, which had an acidity of 1.55 per cent, 
was refined by using 16° Baume sodium-hydroxid solution held 
at 28° C. for about 25 minutes, then heated slowly to 45° C. dur- 
ing a 15-minute interval. After standing several hours the clear 
oil was decanted, slowly heated to 120° C, and treated with 6 per 
cent of a good grade of fuller's earth which had been previously 
heated. Deodorization of this oil was carried out at 200° C. under 
a vacuum of 27 to 28 inches for two hours. The colorimetric read- 
ings of the refined and bleached oil made with a Lovibond tintometer 
in a half -inch cell were 17.0 yellow and 1.6 red. The finished oil ap- 
peared to be equal to that obtained by pressure and gave readings in 
the standard cell of 18.5 yellow and 2.4 red. It would seem, there- 
fore, that a very satisfactory grade of tomato-seed oil can be pro- 
duced by solvent extraction, since the oil yields to refining, bleaching, 
and deodorizing equally as well as the pressed oil. 
OIL CAKE AND MEAL. 
The value of the oil cake or meal as a stock food has been demon- 
strated in Italy, where the utilization of tomato waste is in practical 
operation. An analysis of tomato-seed meal shows the following 
composition : Moisture, 7.15 per cent ; ash, 4.64 per cent ; protein, 
37 per cent; nitrogen-free extract, 29.1 per cent; and fiber, 22.1 
per cent. This analysis compares favorably with several of the 
better known meals of commerce, as shown in Table VI. The meal 
or cake possesses value not only as a cattle food, but also as a hog 
and chicken food. The slightly bitter taste which accompanies it 
can be effectively masked when used as a mixed stock food. 
Table VI. — Composition of various commercial stock feeds compared with that 
of tomato-seed meal. 
Feeding stuff. 
Constituents (per cent). 
Tomato-seed meal 
Cotton-seed meal 
Sunflower seed (prime) 
Sesame oil cake 
Palm-nut cake 
Rape-seed cake 
Linseed meal (new process) 
Moisture. 
7.15 
7.8 
10 
9.8 
10.4 
10 
9.6 
Ash. 
4.64 
6.6 
4.2 
10.7 
4.3 
7.9 
5.6 
Protein. 
37.0 
39.8 
34.8 
37.5 
16.8 
31.2 
36.9 
Nitrogen- 
free 
extract. 
Fiber. 
22.1 
10.1 
10.9 
6.3 
24 
11.3 
8.7 
Ether 
extract. 
8.3 
18.3 
14 
9.5 
9.6 
2.9 
COMMERCIAL PROCEDURE FOR UTILIZING TOMATO WASTE. 
In any commercial utilization project the cost involved in handling 
and reducing the material largely determines its profitableness, and 
the quantity and condition of the waste handled are important con- 
siderations. 
