~I 
BREAKAGE OF EGGS IN TRANSIT. y) 
TABLE 13.—Damage in cars with steel and wooden underframes. 
Steel straw-buffed | Wooden straw-buffed 
car. car. 
| 
ial ae Damaged apts - | Damaged 
Experi- pane Experi- ; 
ges per eggs per 
ment No. cael ment No. Gace 
5114 ouD 5117 2.0 
5126 BY, 6) 5118 Pa (5) 
5131 Shea) 5120 3.0 
5139 4.0 5121 1.5 
5150 4.5 5122 2.0 
5154 5.0 5124 2.0 
5171 4.0 5127 255 
5173 2.0 5129 4.5 
5174 6.5 5130 3.0 
5177 4.0 5132 5.0 
5181 a. 5135 3.0 
5183 6.0 5137 4.0 
SHOCKS DURING THE HAUL, 
This report does not attempt to locate any damage prior to the 
receipt of the eggs by the packer, although the transportation of eggs, 
from the viewpoint of damage, includes their transfer from the farm 
to the shipper, frequently via the country merchant or huckster, as 
well as the usage to which they are subjected after being cased by the 
shipper and en route to the consignee. 3 
There is an opportunity for damage to the shells during the 
transfer from the packing house to the car, and again from the 
freight house at: the terminal to the establishment of the con- 
signee. Undoubtedly such damage sometimes occurs, but observa- 
tions show that it is by no means so frequent as is commonly 
supposed. A comparison of breakage in shipments loaded directly 
from the packing house to the car, with only the width of the 
platform intervening, and in those transferred by wagon from the 
packing house to the loading platform showed practically no dif- 
ference between the two. Approximately 65 per cent of the ex- 
perimental shipments involved a wagon haul from the packing 
house to the car. The fact that the damage at destination is the 
same in either case confirms the finding of the investigators that 
where hauling is necessary it is ordinarily conducted in such fashion 
that breakage does not occur, provided the package is standard and 
well constructed. It is, of course, possible for careless handling and 
hauling of cases between the packing house and the car to cause 
damage. 
It has been observed that the shocks received by cars are most 
severe during yard shifting. The relative intensity of shocks re- 
ceived during ordinary railroad handling are given in Plate IV, 
showing slow running, fast running, and yard shifting. The train 
which furnished these records was typical of our fast freight service. 
