BREAKAGE OF EGGS IN TRANSIT. 9 
number of cases is indefinite, the strips may be laid under the desired 
row on the next to top layer, in which circumstance old case lids 
should be nailed from strip to strip, here and there, to insure their 
remaining parallel (fig. 5). 
A strip the entire width of the car is available when the end form 
of stowing is used in placing a_ step-joint 
load, and also when the load is of the straight- Se 
joint type. If the step load, placed from the C’~ — 
side, is to be braced, the same principle may be ae Pe ene Pop ke 
5 : ye- used under individ- 
employed by cutting 2 by 4’s into 11-inch ual eases in step-joint 
lengths (fig. 5), fastening them together with Ae enuront shitting 
old case lids, and putting one such brace under 
every other case on the row in front of that to be held in place 
(fig. 1). It will readily be seen that these lateral braces under the 
ends of the cases lend themselves to a great variety of puzzling situa- 
tions. A few of the most usual ways in which they have been found 
useful are shown in figures 1, 8, and 6, and Plate III. These illus- 
trations show cars stowed with straight- and broken-joint loads, in 
which the lateral braces under cases were used. If the method of 
side loading is used, the incomplete layer will extend the length, 
rather than the width, of the car. In this case the short braces, 
spaced by pieces of 
old case lids, as in 
the step-joint load 
(Cafes sleehool Vell, JUNO). 
are used. 
THE RAILROAD HAUL. 
It has been difficult 
to devise a method 
of recording the 
shocks incident to 
ordinary freight- 
Fic. 6.—Lateral braces under cases in a _ straight-joint i F 
load: lLayer.4, stack 3, contains only 4 cases. When train running and 
such incomplete stacks are to be braced, the strips un- handling as felt in 
Cc S ry 
der the cases must be in at least 2 sections. 
the carload of eggs. 
Several instruments termed “impactographs” have been devised, 
and these have been used in the egg car itself, as well as in the 
caboose which the investigators occupied in accompanying the car- 
load of eggs under observation from origin to destination. A num- 
ber of records, having the same general character as those shown in 
43010°—Bull. 664—18 2 
