“NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS FIELD STATION, 1913-1922 19 
alive in the fall of the following year, and it has been necessary to do 
extensive replanting each year, as even the hardiest varieties are 
likely to kill out and show poor stands for the first few years after 
planting. Much better stands have been obtained from plantings 
made in later years. Of 160 plums planted in hedgerows in 1918, 
141 were alive in the fall of 1922, and of 62 planted in 1919, 43 were 
alive in 1922. Better stands have been obtained in the comparatively 
heavier soil of the west field than in the very sandy soil where the main 
plum variety orchard is located. 
The following notes on the several varieties are based on their 
performance at Mandan: 
Aitkin (P. nigra) —Semihardy, has winterkilled badly when young; large 
attractive fruit of fair quality; midseason, light bearer; dwarf upright tree; 
subject to shot-hole fungus; only fair variety. 
Cheney (P. nigra).—Semihardy to hardy; medium-sized attractive red fruit of 
poor to fair quality; midseason; fair bearer; upright tree. 
Cheresoto (P. besseyiX P. americana).—Semihardy; medium-sized fruit of fair 
to good quality; midseason; fair bearer; low spreading tree or bush form. 
ee (P. besseyiX Gold plum).—Semihardy; small, poor fruit, sour; of no 
value. 
Compass (P. besseyi X Miner plum).—One of the hardiest; small fruit of good 
anally ; early; heavy bearer. One of the most reliable varieties for the northern 
ains. 
Cree (P. nigra X Combination plum).—Semihardy to hardy; good-sized attrac- 
tive sweet fruit of fair to good quality; very early; heavy bearer. A very promis- 
ing variety. 
De Soto (P. americana).—Semihardy to hardy; medium-sized fruit of fair to 
good quality; midseason to late; heavy bearer. 
Emerald (P. salicinaX P. americana).—Semihardy; fruit large with soft flesh, 
of good quality and pleasant flavor, poor keeper, sweet and juicy; late; heavy 
bearer. A good variety for home use, but fruit is liable to damage by early fall 
frosts. 
Forest Garden (P. hortulana mineri).—Semihardy to hardy; medium-sized red 
fruit of fair quality, peculiar flavor; late; prolific. A good annual bearer. 
Hanska (P. americanaX P. simoni).—Not hardy; large fruit with firm flesh, 
very good quality; midseason; light to medium bearer. Not adapted to the 
northern Plains except in the most favorable situations. 
Hawkeye (P. americana).—Semihardy; large attractive fruit of fair quality; 
late; light to medium bearer. 
Jewell (P. americana).—Semihardy; medium to large attractive fruit of fair 
quality; late; medium bearer. 
Mendota (Minnesota No. 5) (?).—Semihardy; large attractive fruit of good 
quality; midseason; light bearer. 
“Minnesota No. 6’’ (?).—Semihardy; large attractive fruit of good quality; 
midseason; light bearer. 
“Minnesota No. 35’ (?).—Semihardy (?); large, red, attractive plum; mid- 
season; medium to light bearer. A good plum if it proves hardy. 
~ New Ulm (P. americana).—Semihardy to hardy; large, attractive, yellow to 
light red fruit of fair quality; late; medium bearer; low spreading tree. 
Ojibwa (P. salicinaX P. nigra). —Semihardy to hardy; medium-sized attractive 
red fruit, pointed at apex, fair to good quality; early; prolific. A promising 
variety for the northern plains. 
Opata [P. besseyiX(P. munsonianaXP. salicina)|—Semihardy; small to 
medium fruit with small pit, good quality, but a little lacking in flavor; earliest 
plum; bears second year; very prolific; drought resistant. This plum is not as 
hardy as could be desired, but on account of its earliness, good quality, and 
heavy annual fruiting habit it is one of the most valuable for the northern plains. 
Oziya (P. salicinaX P. americana).—Semihardy; fruit of good size and quality, 
but ripens unevenly and drops badly; very early; prolific. A good plum for the 
home garden. 
Pembina (P. nigraXP. salicina)—Semihardy (?); large attractive fruit of 
fair to good quality; midseason; light bearer; appears promising. 
““Penning seedling No. 3”’ (P. americana?).—Semihardy (?); large attractive 
fruit of fair to good quality; late; light to medium bearer. 
