THE SHEEP INDUSTRY ON THE MINIDOKA PROJECT. Zo 
oil, followed by a change of feed, is the only remedy that has been 
found generally effective. Bloat occurs rather commonly. One of 
the best remedies is to administer from a pint to a quart of cows’ milk, ' 
freshly drawn and warm. A half-pint of warm, sweet cream has also 
proved effective, as have the common remedies used in cases of bloat 
in cattle. Tapping should be attempted only as a last resort, as it is 
seldom that an animal so treated thrives afterwards. 
Miscellaneous ailments.—There are a number of miscellaneous ail- 
ments which cause some damage. Catarrh, or “sniffles,’’ is common 
among the open-wooled breeds when the animals are exposed to the 
rains. It is also common in flocks that are kept in warm, poorly 
ventilated stables or that are forced to sleep in snow or in wet, muddy 
yards. Garget, or caked udder, is usually caused by the congestion 
of milk in the udder, but it may result from chilling, from bruising 
the udder, or from improper feeding. There is also a contagious 
form, which, however, has never appeared on the project. If the 
udder is carefully attended to before lambing time and again when 
the lambs are weaned, garget seldom occurs. Effective remedies 
to use are bathing the udder with water as hot as the hand can bear, 
massage, and applying a mixture of lard and turpentine. 
Lip and leg ulceration is occasionally brought in from the outside. 
By prompt treatment and rigid quarantine, it so far has been pre- 
vented from becoming widespread in this section. Usually the atten- 
tion is first attracted by lameness or perhaps by scabs on the nose 
and. lips of the affected animal, from which a greenish pus is exuded. 
This gets on the ground and feed and in the water troughs and thus 
spreads the infection throughout the flock. Affected animals lose 
flesh rapidly, and if treatment is not given heavy losses may result. 
It is necessary to resort to hand dressing, in which the scabs are 
removed and the affected parts treated with a solution of nitric acid, 
1 part of the acid to from 5 to 9 parts of water. 
One other difficulty which occasionally occurs is gravel stones 
(calculi). This difficulty usually occurs in rams and wethers that 
are ranged on beet tops or fed beets or mangels heavily. Ewes are 
not so affected. As no effective remedy is known, it 1s best, in feed- 
ing male sheep, to restrict the quantities of the feeds mentioned. 
Broken pasterns and crippled or deformed feet are commonly caused 
by allowing the hoofs to become overgrown. This can be prevented 
by trimming the hoofs once or twice a year. Pruning shears or a 
sharp knife may be used for this work. 
SHEARING. 
The month of May is the popular time for shearing the farm 
flock. Harlier shearing permits the fleece to make such a growth 
by July and August that the thrift of the animals during these warm 
