MANAGEMENT OF GENERAL FARMS IN OREGON. 19 
clover and other legumes would do as much for the clay-soil farms; 
for farmers who have been growing clover for a number of years on 
the clay soil claim that they are getting increased yields. 
BARNYARD MANURE AND DRAINAGE. 
There are other ways of increasing crop yields besides those 
brought out by the survey data, among which may be mentioned the 
use of barnyard manure and drainage. It is a well-recognized prin- 
ciple in agriculture that crop yields on almost any type of soil may 
be increased by a more liberal use of barnyard manure. Especially 
is this method of increasing crop yields applicable where the soil 
has been receiving little animal or vegetable manure. The farmer 
who adopts this method must see to it that the live stock kept are 
high-producing animals. He must also use good judgment in mar- 
keting his live stock and live-stock products. If this is not done, he 
may increase his crop yields without increasing his profits. 
Much of the agricultural land of the Willamette Valley is so low 
and level that it is water-logged during much of the time in winter. 
There probably is no other way by which crop yields on such land 
can be increased as easily as by drainage. In some localities the 
individual farm can be drained independently. In other localities the 
land is so level that it will be necessary to organize drainage districts 
and work cooperatively in order to get an outlet for the water. 
RELATION OF SOIL TYPE TO PERCENTAGE FARM INCOME IS OF 
CAPITAL. 
Table XIV shows the comparative percentages farm income is of 
capital on the two major types of soil found in the valley. On the 
68 clay farms, it will be seen, farm income was 4.35 per cent of the 
capital invested, as compared with 6.64 per cent on the 144 silt loam 
farms. That is to say, the silt loam farms were operated 1.52 times 
as efficiently as the clay farms. The question naturally arises as to 
the cause of this difference. 
Table XIV. — Relation of type of soil to percentage farm income is of capital, on 212 
farms in Marion and Polk Counties, Oreg. (1912). 
Item. 
Salem 
clay. 
Salem 
silt loam. 
Number of farms 
Average area of improved land . 
Average capital invested 
Average farm income 
185 
525,330 
Si! 103 
Percentage farm income is of capital 4. 35 
144 
128.5 
$21,457 
SI, 425 
6.64 
From Table XIV it will be observed that the clay farms had 56.5 
more acres of improved land and $3,873 more capital to use than 
had the silt loam farms. Therefore, the difference in the efficiency 
