THE COST OF RAISING A DAIRY COW. 
by dividing the total cost of this labor by the total hours of paid 
labor for the entire farm. This total cost is made up of cash wages, 
board, lodging, and other privileges provided. The accurate rate for 
the Brigham farm, although varying slightly from year to year, is 
very close to 12 cents per hour for all the years. The cost rate of 
horse labor, determined in the same way, is equal to the total cost of 
this labor divided by the total number of hours of horse labor for the 
entire farm business. The cost includes labor, feed, shoeing, interest, 
depreciation, and charges for the use of shelter, harness, and other 
horse equipment needed for the maintenance and use of the horses, 
and other miscellaneous items. The rate per hour as figured for 
1909 is 10 cents, and the rates for the other years are so close to this 
that a 10-cent rate is taken for the entire period. 
Because of the variation in the number of animals throughout the 
year, the average per month, as well as the yearly average, is obtained 
on the basis of feeding clays. 
RECORDS OF THE 1909 GROUP OF CALVES. 
QUANTITY OF FEED CONSUMED DUEING THE FIRST YEAR. 
The figures in Table II represent the average daily quantity of 
each feed consumed per head for the different months of the first 
year. The number of calves varies from 1 to 18 for the first month 
and then remains around 20 to 23 for the rest of the year. The 
yearly average on the basis of feeding days is 20.42. In making and 
adjusting the ration, six classes of feed are used — whole milk, skim 
milk, hay, corn silage, grain mixture, and pasture. 
For the first few days the calf receives only warm whole milk and 
is fed three times a day. After this it is fed milk only morning 
and evening. During the whole-milk period the calf receives from 
6 to 12 pounds daily, according to age and size. When it is about 
30 days old the ration is gradually changed from whole milk to 
skim milk. At first about 1 pound of skim milk is substituted 
and the quantity is gradually increased, so that in about a week the 
calf is getting skim milk only. About the time of this change grain 
mixture is added to the ration and the quantity is gradually in- 
creased. Mixed hay, consisting mostly of clover, is also added and 
kept in the bunk before the calf for the first few months so that it 
may help itself at will. In June alfalfa is substituted. The skim 
milk is brought back from the village creamery and during the fall 
and winter months it has to be warmed before feeding, a small 
steamer being kept for this purpose. 
