22 
S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
prove satisfactory and show a proper interest in the work, they 
receive an increase of $1 a month for each year they stay. In addi- 
tion to this, each man gets a vacation of from one to two weeks 
with pay. but this leave must, of course, be taken when work is not 
too pressing. Each workman gets his pay regularly at the end of 
the month and never between pay days, except in emergency cases. 
The men work from 12 to 12J hours a clay. Promptness at both 
ends of the day are prerequisites, and the owner is insistent that all 
work, including the chores, shall be finished by 6 p. m. The dairy 
affords the principal work during the winter, and each man has 
certain cows to milk each day. The morning hours are T o'clock 
in winter and 5 o'clock in summer, and the cows are milked at exactly 
12-hour intervals. By these methods Mr. English has as nearly 
solved the farm-labor problem as any farmer we have known. He 
always employs high-class men rather than have men in his employ 
whose labor is not profitable. ■ 
HORSE LABOR. 
The horse labor on this farm is done by big draft horses. Mr. 
English believes in high-class animals, just as he does in high-class 
men. If horses cost more, he makes them earn more by keeping 
them well occupied on productive enterprises. The work is so 
arranged that the horses are idle only a small portion of the year 
in the winter. They are fed cheaply on oat hay or straw and with 
ground oats (at a usual cost of $23 a ton) or the mixture shown in 
Table YII (1910 prices). 
Table VII. — Horse-feed constituents and cost of feeding on the English farm. 
Quantity and cost of feed constituents. 
Quantity fed and cost of feeding. 
Feed constituent. Pounds. 
Rate 
per 
ton. 
Cost. : Season. 
Quantity c t 
Quantity per feed. fed per ^ feed 
day. veT Ieeu - 
Linseed meal 100 
Corn meal ! 100 
Bran 100 
Ground barley ] 200 
835 
20 
23 
25 
81.75 
1.00 
1.15 
2.50 
Winter 
Spring 
Summer 
Quarts. Cents. 
3 quarts, or 3 9 11 
pounds. 
4 quarts, or 4 12 15 
pounds. 
4 or 5 quarts, or 4 12-15 15-19 
or 5 pounds. 
Total feed .... 500 
16.40 
About 1{ cents per pound. 
Xo timothy and no clover hay have been fed to the horses on this 
farm for five years, it having been found that the animals do as well 
or better on oat hav or straw, which is a cheaper feed. 
