SAP-STAIN, MOLD, AND DECAY IN GREEN WOOD. 
43 
which was observed on the same spokes at the time of loading. For 
convenience in presentation, the data relative to location in the car 
and condition are given in Table I. 
Table I. — Condition of the red-oak spokes in car No. 1 upon arrival at its 
destination. 
Location in car.o 
Antiseptic. 
. Condition. 
Percent- 
age 
molded 
(based on 
833 
spokes 
per rick). 
Forward end of the car: 
Loose in the door- 
Untreated 
Free from mold or sap-stain; a few badly 
checked. 
None with mold or sap-stain; not so many 
way. 
Stacked in the door- 
Mercuric chlorid and 
way and first 
rick. 
hydrochloric acid. 
Hot creosote at 150° to 
checked as in the untreated lot. 
None with mold; no sap-stain 
Second rick 
155° F. 
.....do 
do 
do 
do.... 
68 with mold; no sap-stain 
8.2 
51.7 
Fourth rick 
33.2 
Fifth rick 
26.2 
Sixth rick (end of 
do 
Cold creosote at 80° to 
90° F. 
do 
222 with mold; no sap-stain. 
26. 7 
the car). 
Opposite end of the car: 
Stacked in the door- 
69 with mold ; no sap-stain 
8.3 
way and first rick. 
59. 1 
....do 
41.8 
....do 
207 with mold; no sap-stain 
24.8 
Fifth rick (end of 
the car). 
do 
17.0- 
a Ricks are in each case numbered from the first transverse rick on either side of the area between the 
doors and extending back to the ends of the car. 
It will be seen from Table I that the spokes that were placed in the 
doorway where better ventilation could be had did not mold or 
sap-stain. Those that were the most exposed, however, were inclined 
to suffer from checking. The largest proportion of molding took 
place in the second or third ricks, but in no case was this accompanied 
by sap-stain, and in no instance was it severe enough to necessitate 
culling. The considerable reduction in the fourth and fifth ricks, 
which was most marked in the rear end of the car, is difficult to ex- 
plain. In the forward end, the motion of the train caused the last 
rick to slide away from the end of the car, and thus somewhat im- 
proved the ventilation. It is possible, then, that in the rear end the 
tendency of the mass of spokes to surge backward and forward when- 
ever the continuous passage of the car was interrupted, together with 
the fact that a hole existed in the bottom of the car due to the breaking 
of a floor plank, may have provided sufficient ventilation to account 
for the low percentage of mold in the fourth and fifth ricks. 
It was noted that the stage in the development of the mold on the 
creosoted material was an early one, namely, a white, fluffy mycelium, 
which in most cases had not advanced to the spore-producing condi- 
tion. This indicates a retarding effect due to the treatment. It is 
