UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
BULLETIN No. 1037 
Contribution from the Bureau of Plant Industry 
WM. A. TAYLOR, Chief 
Washington, D. C. 
PROFESSIONAL PAPER 
August 19, 1922 
THE CONTROL OF SAP-STAIN, MOLD, AND 
INCIPIENT DECAY IN GREEN WOOD 
WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE 
TO VEHICLE STOCK 
By 
NATHANIEL O. HOWARD, Pathologist 
Office of Investigations in Forest Pathology 
(In cooperation with the Forest Products Laboratory of the United States Forest Service, 
Madison, Wis.) 
CONTENTS 
Page 
Introduction 1 
Sap-Stain 3 
Other Fungous Organisms Causing Sur- 
face Discolorations in Green Timber . 12 
Factors Which Favor the Growth of Sap- 
Stain and Mold Fungi 14 
Page 
Durability of Stained or Molded Wood . 17 
Losses Due to Sap-Stain or Mold. ... 18 
Control Measures 21 
Summary 50 
Literature Cited 52 
WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
1922 
