26 
BULLETIN 1423, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
(4) Infrequent — Continued. 
Cetraria fahlunensis. 
Letharia thamnodes. 
Siphula cera tities. 
Lecanora sp. 
Alectoria diver gens. 
Psoroma hypn or it m . 
Ramalina dilacerata. 
Gyrophora sp. 
In relative forage value, the lichens may be listed as follows : 
(1) Most important, because of high palatability and greatest 
abundance : 
Cladonia sylvatiea sylvestris. 
Cladonia rangiferina. 
Cladonia sylvatiea. 
Cladonia alpestris. 
Cladonia amauroeraea subspp. 
Cladonia amauroeraea eelotea. 
Cladonia amauroeraea oxyceras. 
Cladonia uncialis. 
Cladonia uncialis obtusata. 
Cladonia uncialis turgescens. 
Cladonia gracilis elongata. 
Cetraria cucitllata. 
Cetraria island ica. 
(2) Of medium importance, because of lower palatability and 
only local abundance or of medium palatability: 
Cladonia delessertii. 
Cladonia decorticata. 
Cladonia squamosa subsp. 
Cladonia degenerans. 
Cladonia amauroeraea eelotea. 
Cladonia amauroeraea crasipedia. 
Cladonia uncialis adunca. 
Cladonia gracilis dilatata. 
Cladonia gracilis ecmocyma. 
Cetraria islandica crispa. 
(3) Of value only as mixed with other species, because of very 
scattering occurrence : 
Cetraria islandica platyna. 
Cetraria nivalis. 
Cetraria riehardsonii. 
Alectoria ochroleuca. 
Dactylina aretica. 
Xephrom a arcticum. 
Stereocaulon alpinum. 
Stereocaulon coralloides. 
Stereocaulon tomentosum. 
Cladonia oellidiflora. 
Cladonia crispata subspp. 
Cladonia de for mis extensa. 
Cladonia digit ata glabrata. 
Cladonia fureata. 
Cladonia cyanipes. 
Cladonia alpicola. 
Cladonia cenotea. 
Cladonia fimbriata. 
Cladonia alaskana. 
Cladonia gracilis cliordalis. 
Cladonia gracilis. 
Cladonia gracilis subtilacerata. 
Cladonia subsquamosa. 
Cladonia sylvatiea laxiuscula. 
Cladonia uncialis turgescens. 
Cladonia alpestris inturgescens. 
Alectoria nigricans. 
Cetraria aculeata. 
Cetraria chrysantha. 
Cetraria hiascens. 
Cetraria islandica crispa. 
Cetraria islandica platyna. 
SphaeropKorus coralloides. 
Duforea ramulosa. 
Letharia thamnodes. 
Tha mn olia vermicu laris. 
Parmelia spp. 
(4) Of little or no value, because of diminutive size, infrequent 
occurrence, mode of growth, or unpalatableness : 
Cladonia botrytis. 
Cladonia cocci f era subspp. 
Cladonia degenerans euphorea. 
Cladonia pyxidata subspp. 
Cetraria juniper ina. 
Cetraria juniperina terrestris. 
Alectoria jubata. 
Icmadolph ila ericetorum. 
Lecanora spp. 
Lecidea spp. 
Lob aria spp. 
REACTION OF LICHENS TO GRAZING USE 
Ochrolechia spp. 
Peltigera spp. 
Physcia pulverulenta muscigena. 
Psoroma hypnorum. 
Pertusaria bryontha. 
Pilophorus cereolus robustus. 
Ramalina dilacerata. 
Siphula ceratities. 
Xanthoria lychnea pygmaea. 
Gyrophora spp. 
To study the reaction of the lichen plant to grazing use, cutting 
and other quadrats have been established to supplement general 
